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Position regarding phytoconstituents from the control over COVID-19.
OBJECTIVE To report the sensitivity and the ability to precisely localize ulnar neuropathies at the elbow (UNE) of different severity by ultrasonography (US) and compare it to standard 10-cm nerve conduction studies (NCSs), and 2-cm short-segment NCSs (SSNCSs) across the elbow. METHODS In a group of consecutive UNE patients, a prospective and blinded study was performed. The evaluation included clinical examination, electrodiagnostic (EDx) and US studies. We compared US and NCSs for sensitivity and the ability to precisely localize the UNE of different clinical severity. RESULTS We studied 202 affected arms of 197 UNE patients. Clinically very mild UNE was diagnosed in seven, mild in 43, moderate in 99 and severe in 53 arms. The sensitivities of SSNCSs were 14%, 67%, 93% and 100%, of 10-cm NCSs, 29%, 44%, 80% and 96%, and of US 14%, 47%, 59% and 89%, respectively. Precise UNE localization was possible using SSNCSs in 29%, 56%, 78% and 85%, and using US in 29%, 44%, 70% and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that NCSs are more sensitive than US for the diagnosis of UNE of all clinical grades of severity. US was more efficient in localizing clinically severe, and SSNCSs in localizing mild or moderate UNE. SIGNIFICANCE We recommend SSNCSs as the first confirmatory test in UNE across all grades of severity. BACKGROUND Conditions of the elderly like sarcopenia, locomotive syndrome, and frailty have been attracting attention recently. However, the relationship of these 3 conditions and the difference in the magnitude of influence each has on deterioration in health status remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and relationship of sarcopenia, locomotive syndrome, and frailty, and to clarify their influence on the dropout from cohort study due to deterioration in health status. METHODS The 1st survey of the Shiraniwa Elderly Cohort (Shiraniwa) study was conducted in 2016. We examined 409 participants (aged ≥ 65 years; 164 males, 245 females) and assessed sarcopenia, locomotive syndrome, and frailty. Those who could not attend the 2nd survey (2017) due to deterioration in health status were defined as the Dropout group. We investigated the predictors of Dropout using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia, locomotive syndrome stage 2, and frailty were 4.4%, 40.1%, and 14.2%, respectively; 89.7% of participants with frailty were also diagnosed with locomotive syndrome stage 2. From the results of the 2nd survey, 46 people were classified into the Dropout group. Independent predictors of the Dropout were locomotive syndrome stage 2 (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-5.31) and frailty (adjusted OR 3.37, 95%CI 1.56-7.30). CONCLUSIONS Locomotive syndrome stage 2 was the most common condition in the elderly, and most people with frailty also had locomotive syndrome stage 2. Locomotive syndrome stage 2 and frailty independently influenced the dropout from cohort study due to deterioration in health status. These results suggest that screening for locomotive syndrome is useful for early detection of the elderly with a risk of deterioration in health status, and screening for frailty may contribute to detecting the elderly with higher risk of deterioration in health status. The field of cell therapy is rapidly emerging as a priority area for oncology research and drug development. Currently, two chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and other agencies worldwide for two types of hematologic cancers. To facilitate the development of these therapies for patients with life-threatening cancers with limited or no therapeutic options, science- and risk-based approaches will be critical to mitigating and balancing any potential risk associated with either early clinical research or more flexible manufacturing paradigms. Friends of Cancer Research and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy convened an expert group of stakeholders to develop specific strategies and proposals for regulatory opportunities to accelerate the development of cell therapies as promising new therapeutics. This meeting took place in Washington, DC on May 17, 2019. As academia and industry expand research efforts and cellular product development pipelines, this report summarizes opportunities to accelerate entry into the clinic for exploratory studies and optimization of cell products through manufacturing improvements for these promising new therapies. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to determine whether supplementing a bundled recommendation (recommendation for all 11- to 12-year-old platform vaccines) with tailored messaging that addressed one versus all parental concerns improved human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination intent among mothers. METHODS We conducted a Web-based randomized controlled trial, randomizing mothers who did not intend to vaccinate their 11- to 14-year-old child against HPV to (1) bundled recommendation video ("control"); (2) control + video addressing the top HPV vaccine concern; or (3) control + ≥1 videos addressing all concerns. find more Outcomes were HPV vaccination intent (1 = extremely unlikely and 10 = extremely likely) and strength of main concern (1 = a little concerned and 10 = very concerned). We assessed differences in intervention effects using generalized linear models for vaccine intent and mixed models for the strength of main concern. RESULTS Of the 762 mothers, 51% had a female child, 82% of children were white, and 90% were non-Hispanic. The mean intent to vaccinate postintervention ranged from 3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.1-3.8) in the control group to 4.2 (95% CI = 3.9-4.6) in the all-concerns group (p = .01). The mean strength of the concerns declined pre- to postintervention by .1 (95% CI = -.1 to .3) in the control group (p = .42), .6 (95% CI = .4-.9) in the top concern group (p less then .001), and .7 (95% CI = .5-1.0) in the all-concerns group (p less then .001). However, the mean strength of the main concerns postintervention remained high (≥7.0 for each group). CONCLUSIONS Tailored messages addressing all concerns improved HPV vaccination intent and reduced the strength of the main concern more than bundled messages alone, but intent remained low and strength of the main concerns remained high in this vaccine-hesitant population.
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