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Arsenic speciation in fish from Baltic Ocean near to chemical substance munitions dumpsites.
Introduction The guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009 regarding hand hygiene (HH) in health care provided health care professionals with scientific evidence that argued that HH principles should be respected when dealing with patients. Despite the passage of years and strenuous attempts to introduce these recommendations to the Polish health care facilities for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAI), these principles are still not being implemented in an optimal way for the patient's safety. Objective of work The aim was to examine the views and attitudes of physicians (L) and nurses (P) towards the WHO rules of hand hygiene. Material and methods The study was performed by means of a diagnostic survey using a questionnaire of our own design; random sampling was used. The study involved 231 LP 173 (74.9%) women, 58 (25.1%) men, including 93 (40.3%) doctors and 138 (59.7%) nurses. The study was conducted in a multiprofile hospital in Małopolska in 2017. The differenhygiene, in practice, these principles were not always respected, the impact on the practice was negative in areas such as general adherence to the HH principles, wearing long and painted nails. The compatibility of views with practice was detected in relation to wearing a wedding ring.Introduction The paper analyzes the status of non-vaccination in defiance of the Preventive Vaccination Program. Amongst the factors contributing to the decrease in vaccine uptake in the country are actively working and influential anti-vaccination movements. Material and methods Data obtained from the local epidemiological-sanitary stations was used in the analyses, taking into account numbers, sex, date of birth and type of vaccination. Results The analysis includes detailed data from the Pomorskie Voivodeship, where the total number of unvaccinated at 31 December 2017 was 3 239 children. Summary Over the years the most substantial decrease was observed for the uptake of the MMR, Hep B, polio and DPT vaccines. The rise in vaccine refusal was noted during the years of activity of anti-vaccination movements in the country and in the world.Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a group of diseases usually caused by bacteria, and connected with different clinical picture, course, and prognosis. The increasing incidence of SSTIs is associated mainly with aging of the population, the increasing number of metabolic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus, as well as cardiovascular diseases. Although SSTIs are often benign and usually does not require medical consultations, some of them may cause a systemic infection. In this situation, knowledge of the principles of diagnostic work-up and therapy is essential. The principles of recognition and treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, including new biocidal drugs, are presented.Symptomatic Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an acute inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, manifesting in at least 3 unformed stools within 24 hours. Predicting factors for CDI include contact with medical care (mainly hospitalization), antibiotic therapy in the last 12 weeks, use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), H2 blockers, cancer chemotherapy, especially in the neutropenia stage, gastrointestinal surgery, advanced age and concomitant chronic diseases (renal failure, liver failure, chronic inflammatory bowel disease - especially ulcerative bowel disease, cancer, HIV infection, cachexia and hypoalbuminaemia) and vitamin D deficiency. Clinical classification distinguishes three types of CDI - mild / moderate, severe, and fulminant. The principles of treatment of the first and subsequent CDI incidents depending on the clinical course are based on oral vancomycin. CDI is recurrent. The basis for treating CDI relapses is vancomycin administered orally at a dose of 4x125 mg for 10 days followed by concomitant vancomycin dose reduction therapy. The use of fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) in the treatment of CDI relapses is considered to be the most effective therapy for recurrent CDI. An indication for FMT is antibiotic-resistant C. difficile infection, regardless of the number of incidents CDI. The panel of tests recommended for a bacterial flora donor is presented in the recommendations.Recognized in 2019 in Wuhan, China, the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is responsible for the occurrence of a global pandemic disease called COVID-19. So far, confirmation of infection is based on the detection of virus RNA in a sample taken from a person meeting the suspected case definition. However, in the laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections, in addition to genetic tests, serological methods can also be used to detect specific antibodies of the IgM, IgG and IgA class produced after contact with antigens or to detect viral antigen. Currently, a number of rapid immunochromatographic, chemiluminescent and ELISA immunoassay tests developed by different manufacturers for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are available on the market. selleck chemicals llc Despite this fact, so far there is no WHO or ECDC recommendations or even reliable research regarding the usefulness of serological investigations in the laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by SARS-CoV-2.Q fever is an emerging infectious disease in Europe. Q fever is a zoonosis and infected animals are the main source of infection. Ticks may act as a vector and transmit the pathogen to animals and humans. Q fever has non-specific symptoms and is difficult to diagnose. Results of serological tests are positive many days after manifestation of symptoms. PCR method might be useful in the diagnostic process.Background Immunosuppressed patients, also those who are HIV-positive patients, are susceptible to oral cavity fungal infections. Aim of study In this study, we aimed to show differences in qualitative composition of oral cavity flora between HIV-positive people and healthy controls and identify factors which affect fungal oral cavity flora. Materials and methods The study group contained HIV-positive people and a control group of healthy people. All cultured species were analysed using MALDI-TOF MS. Results More HIV-positive people had two or more fungus species present than controls (p=0.008). Seven species were cultured in the study group compared to three in the control group. Smoking was associated with higher prevalence of C. albicans (p=0.03), C. glabrata (p=0.026), C. tropicalis (p=0.01). Dental prosthesis or braces was also associated with presence of more species (p=0.04).The lower level of lymphocytes CD4+ was not associated with fungus presence in oral cavity. Conclusions HIV infection is associated with changes to oral cavity fungal flora.
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