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Pattern: The present subjunctive is formed by taking the present tense indicative yo form of a verb, dropping the -o, and adding the “opposite ending.”
Forming the present subjunctive
Forming the present tense subjunctive is a two-step process.
Step1: getting the stem
To form the present tense of the verb hablar, we would start with the present tense indicative yo form: hablo. Then we remove the -o ending. We are left with the stem habl-.
Step 2: adding the opposite endings
“Opposite” endings means that -AR verbs will take the endings:
-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en
and -ER or -IR verbs will take the endings:
-a, -as, -a, -amos, áis, -an
In the case of hablar, we will add the first set of endings. In the case of comer, the second. Here are the full conjugations of hablar and comer in the present tense subjunctive:
HABLAR
hable
hablemos
hables
habléis
hable
hablen
COMER
coma comamos
comas
comáis
coma
coman
Verbs with irregular yo forms
Not all verbs have a regular yo form in the present tense. As you have seen, there are several verbs such as tener (tengo), conocer (conozco), and hacer (hago) that have irregular yo forms. These irregular yo stems will also be used in the subjunctive mood with the opposite endings. Take for example the subjunctive forms of the verb tener:
TENER
tenga
tengamos
tengas tengáis
tenga tengan
Examples:
Yo quiero que tú tengas un buen tiempo en la fiesta. -- I want you to have a good time at the party. (Literally, "I want that you have a good time at the party.")
La maestra quiere que los estudiantes hablen español siempre. -- The teacher wants the students to speak Spanish always. (Literally, "The teacher wants that the students speak Spanish always.")
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