Notes

Bloodstream Biomarkers to tell apart Ischemic as well as Hemorrhagic Cerebral vascular accidents.
It has been hypothesized that ultrafine particles (UFP) in air pollution may cause lung cancer. In preparation for an epidemiologic case-control study to assess this hypothesis in Montreal, Canada, we conducted a UFP measurement campaign in order to create an exposure surface with which we could assign UFP exposure to subjects corresponding to their residential addresses. The purpose of this paper is to describe the temporal and spatial variability that underlies the creation of an exposure surface in the Montreal area, and to consider the implications for epidemiological exposure assessment. We identified 249 fixed sampling sites, selected to provide a dense spatial representation of the areas of residence of Montreal residents. We conducted a winter campaign and a summer campaign, and each of the sites was visited three times during each seasonal campaign. Each visit entailed a 20-minute measurement period for UFPs with a separate measurement each second. This provided data for temporal comparisons at each site between seasons, between visits and between seconds. The median of UFP measurements was 16,593 particles/cm3 in winter and 8919 particles/cm3 in summer. Across the 249 sampling sites the Spearman correlation coefficient between the UFP measurements of winter and summer was 0.35. Within each visit, correlation was below 0.50 between pairs of UFP measurements taken more than 60 s apart, and there was hardly any correlation among measurements taken more than 300 s apart. When sites were grouped by proximity to certain types of pollution sources, and the seven resulting groups compared, there were modest, albeit statistically significant, differences in UFP levels. There was moderate positive spatial autocorrelation in UFPs over the study area. mTOR inhibitor therapy High temporal variability of UFPs from short-term measurements campaigns will likely compromise the predictive validity of the exposure surface, and will eventually attenuate the epidemiologic risk estimates.The presence of pharmaceutical residues in aquatic ecosystems is a worldwide problem that may pose serious threats and challenges to the environment, especially to the safety of aquatic biota. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 14 environmentally relevant pharmaceutical compounds on individual and collective-related behaviours in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) for 21 days. The tested concentrations of the compounds spanned three orders of magnitude. This study also compared the potential risks of these compounds in Chinese surface waters based on the data on their toxic effects or only on behavioural effects. In the case of individual behaviours, most antidepressants, but not anti-inflammatory agents or blood lipid-lowering agents, decreased fish locomotor activity (LMA) and individual social activity (IDS); however, all three classes of compounds induced significant disruptions in the light/dark transition locomotor response (LMR-L/D) performance, even at lower treatment levels (0.1-1 μg/L). Furthermore, collective behaviour (CLB) analysis suggested that most of the compounds significantly altered the group sociability of fish and frequently occurred at environmentally relevant concentrations. Finally, a risk assessment suggested that the presence of ibuprofen, fluoxetine, and venlafaxine in the surface waters of China poses a relatively high risk to fish, regardless of the risk ranking based on the data of the toxic or behavioural effects.3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA) is a typical representative PAH. It has strong toxicity and is a typical chemical carcinogen. However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying 3-MCA-induced tumourigenesis are largely unknown. In this study, a model of the 3-MCA-induced malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells was established successfully. The profiles of gene expression and DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation were obtained and analysed with an Illumina HiSeq 4000. A total of 707 genes were found to be significantly up-regulated, and 686 genes were found to be significantly down-regulated. Compared to control cells, 8545 mRNA-associated differentially methylated regions and 15,121 mRNA-associated differentially hydroxymethylated regions in promoters were found to be significantly altered in transformed cells. By using mRNA expression and DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation interaction analysis, 99 differentially expressed genes were identified. Among them, CA9 and EGLN3 were verified to be significantly down-regulated, and CARD6 and LCP1 were shown to be significantly up-regulated, and these genes mainly participated in cell growth, migration and invasion, indicating that these genes were key genes involved in the 3-MCA-induced malignant transformation of HBE cells. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved mainly in RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, chemical carcinogenesis, base-excision repair (BER), cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, glycerolipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, cAMP signalling pathways and other signalling pathways. Our study suggested that characteristic gene alterations associated with DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation could play important roles in environmental 3-MCA-induced lung carcinogenesis.Human activities have altered the region's natural attributes to a certain extent, leading to the competition of resources. As a result of the contradiction between water use inside and outside the river, the river ecosystems are under increasing pressure. Ecological flow has been proposed to ensure the health of the river ecosystem and habitat integrity. However, there are few special studies on its guarantee rate and lack of systematic analysis. To scientifically evaluate the ecological flow guarantee rate, this study proposed an ecological flow guarantee index for long-time by frequency analysis and an ecological flow guarantee index for short-time by Satisfaction Rate. Taking four typical sections of the mainstream of the Huai River as the research objects, we evaluated the ecological flow guarantee rate at different time scales based on the runoff sequence from 1956 to 2018. It was found that over the mid-long term scale (multi-year series), the guarantee rate of each section during the non-flood period reached 87%, while the guarantee rate during the flood period was about 83%.
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