Notes

The actual Novavax vaccine acquired 90% effectiveness against COVID-19 ≥7 n after the 2nd serving.
After transplantation, apoptosis decreased significantly and retinal autophagy was activated in the BMSC-treated retinas. Increased autophagy in the early stage could facilitate the survival of 661w cells under hypoxic stress. Coculturing with BMSCs protects 661w cells from hypoxic damage, possibly due to autophagy activation. In retinal detachment models, BMSC transplantation can significantly reduce photoreceptor cell death and preserve retinal structure. The capacity of BMSCs to reduce retinal cell apoptosis and to initiate autophagy shortly after transplantation may facilitate the survival of retinal cells in the low-oxygen and nutrition-restricted milieu after retinal detachment. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.BACKGROUND The noxious annual herb, Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae), is an invasive weed of global significance, threatening food security, biodiversity and human health. In South Africa, chemical control is frequently used to manage P. hysterophorus, however, concern surrounds increasing atmospheric CO2 levels, which may reduce the efficacy of glyphosate against the weed. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the susceptibility of P. hysterophorus to glyphosate (1L/ha recommended) after being grown for five generations in Convirons under ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (600 and 800 ppm) CO2 . RESULTS Glyphosate efficacy decreased with increasing CO2 , with mortalities of 100, 83 and 75% recorded at 400, 600 and 800 ppm, respectively. Parthenium hysterophorus experienced enhanced growth and reproduction under elevated CO2, however, glyphosate application was highly damaging, reducing the growth and flowering of plants across all CO2 treatments. Physiologically, glyphosate-treated plants, in all CO2 treatments, suffered severe declines of >90% in chlorophyll content, maximum quantum efficiency (F v /Fm ), photon absorption (ABS/RC), electron transport (ET 0 /RC) and performance index (PI ABS ), albeit at slower rates for plants grown under elevated CO2 . Low levels of recovery from glyphosate were documented only for plants grown under elevated CO2 and was attributed to their increased biomass. CONCLUSION These results suggest that increasing CO2 levels may hinder chemical control efforts used against P. hysterophorus in the future, advocating for further investigation using multigenerational CO2 studies and the maintenance of effective spraying programs at present. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy-related disease that is found in 3%-5% of pregnancies worldwide and is primarily related to the decreased proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells and abnormal uterine spiral artery remodelling. However, studies on the pathogenesis of placental trophoblasts are insufficient, and the aetiology of PE remains unclear. Here, we report that endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), a transmembrane glycoprotein, was down-regulated in placentas from preeclamptic patients. Moreover, lack of EPCR significantly reduced the trophoblast cell proliferation, invasion and tube formation capabilities. Microscale thermophoresis analysis showed that EPCR directly bound to protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1), a G protein-coupled receptor. This change resulted in a substantial reduction in active Rac1 and caused excessive actin rearrangement. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified role of EPCR in the regulation of trophoblast proliferation, invasion and tube formation through promotion of actin polymerization, which is required for normal placental development. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.AIM To explore the clinical effect of endometrial injury (EI) on the third day of the menstrual cycle before frozen-thawed embryo transfer (frozen-thawed ET) on patients experienced two or more implantation failures. METHODS A total of 200 patients who suffered at least two failed hormone-replacement therapies and frozen-thawed ET were randomly divided into two groups EI group and control group (n = 100 in each group). Patients in the EI group received local EI with a Pipelle catheter on the third day of the menstrual cycle before frozen-thawed ET. Primary outcomes were live birth, clinical pregnancy and implantation rates. Secondary outcomes were biochemical, multiple and ectopic pregnancy rates and abortion rates. Inflammation inhibitor RESULTS The rate of live birth in EI group (51.00%) was significantly higher than that of control group (36.00%) (P = 0.032). Clinical pregnancy and implantation rates in EI group were significantly higher comparing to control group (64.00% vs 48.00%, P = 0.023 and 46.74% vs 30.11%, P = 0.001). The rate of multiple pregnancy in EI group (37.50%) was significantly higher than that of control group (18.75%) (P = 0.031). No significant difference in ectopic pregnancy rate and abortion rate was observed between EI group and control group. CONCLUSION Applying EI to patients experienced two or more implantation failures on the third day of the menstrual cycle before frozen-thawed ET can improve clinical outcomes. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.Hyperhomocysteinemia is a common metabolic disorder that imposes major adverse health consequences. Reducing homocysteine levels, however, is not always effective against hyperhomocysteinemia-associated pathologies. Herein, we report the potential roles of methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MARS)-generated homocysteine signals in neural tube defects (NTDs) and congenital heart defects (CHDs). Increased copy numbers of MARS and/or MARS2 were detected in NTD and CHD patients. MARSs sense homocysteine and transmit its signal by inducing protein lysine (N)-homocysteinylation. Here, we identified hundreds of novel N-homocysteinylated proteins. N-homocysteinylation of superoxide dismutases (SOD1/2) provided new mechanistic insights for homocysteine-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and Wnt signalling deregulation. Elevated MARS expression in developing and proliferating cells sensitizes them to the effects of homocysteine. Targeting MARSs using the homocysteine analogue acetyl homocysteine thioether (AHT) reversed MARS efficacy.
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