Notes

Application of radiomics and also device understanding inside head and neck types of cancer.
Condensation freezing inhibition is of great practical importance for anti-icing applications; however, no coatings with this performance have been reported. Here, we report the inhibition of condensation freezing on patterned polyelectrolyte coatings, including polyelectrolyte brush (PB), polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM), and polyelectrolyte hydrogel (PH) surfaces, benefiting from their feature in regulating ice nucleation and propagation via changing counterions. On the reported surfaces, ice nucleation can be initiated exclusively at the domains with the polyelectrolytes; moreover, spontaneous ice propagation can be achieved atop the patterned polyelectrolyte surface. Consequently, condensed water surrounding the frozen drops on the patterned polyelectrolyte surface evaporates due to the instantaneously released latent heat in the course of ice propagation. Afterward, ice grows specifically on polyelectrolyte surfaces via desublimation as the saturated vapor pressure of ice is smaller than that of condensed water drops. As such, an ice-free region up to 96% of the entire surface area can be accomplished. We demonstrate that various polyelectrolyte coatings can be easily introduced on almost all surfaces, revealing great promise for anti-icing applications.Electronic interface properties and the initial growth of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene with a borazine core (BN-HBC) on Au(111) have been studied by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). A weak, but non-negligible, interaction between BN-HBC and Au(111) was found at the interface. Both hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) and BN-HBC molecules form well-defined monolayers. The different contrast in STM images of HBC and BN-HBC at different tunneling voltages with submolecular resolution can be ascribed to differences in the local density of states (LDOS). At positive and negative tunneling voltages, STM images reproduce the distribution of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) as determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations very well.ConspectusAs one of the most important and versatile elements, carbon renders itself as one of the most fundamental and cutting-edge topics in chemistry, physics, and materials science. Many carbon-based chemical rules were established accordingly. While the tetrahedral predilection of tetracoordinate carbon has been a cornerstone of organic chemistry since 1874, almost a century later tetracoordinate carbon was found to be able to adopt planar structures known as planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC), which are stabilized electronically by good π-acceptor (delocalization of a lone electron pair of ptC) or σ-donor (promoting electron transfer to electron-deficient bonding) substituents or mechanically by appropriate steric enforcement. The experimental and theoretical achievements for the rule-breaking ptC species totally refreshed our understanding of chemical bonding and triggered exploration of peculiar molecules featuring planar pentacoordinate carbon (ppC) and planar hexacoordinate carbon (phC) as well as mechanisms of planar hypercoordinate motifs in an infinite layer are discussed. We hope that this Account will inspire more experimental and theoretical efforts to explore nanomaterials with such unconventional chemical bonding.Bi2Te3-based compounds are the most mature and widely used thermoelectric materials. However, industrial device fabrication will inevitably produce a lot of Bi2Te3 scraps, which results in wastes of expensive material resources. In this work, we recycled p-type (Bi,Sb)2Te3 scraps and reprocessed them by making nanocomposites with nano-SiC. The thermoelectric performance was enhanced, and a high ZT value of 1.07 was achieved, which is a significant improvement compared with commercial p-type (Bi,Sb)2Te3 ingots. Also, the hardness showed a notable increase, which is beneficial for device fabrication. In addition, we adjusted the proportion of Bi/Te of the commercial p-type (Bi,Sb)2Te3 scraps, thereby improving the thermoelectric performance and obtaining a higher ZT value of 1.2.With the undergoing unprecedented development of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the recycling of end-of-life batteries has become an urgent task considering the demand for critical materials, environmental pollution, and ecological impacts. Selective recovery of targeted element(s) is becoming a topical field that enables metal recycling in a short path with highly improved material efficiencies. This research demonstrates a process of selective recovery of spent Ni-Co-Mn (NCM)-based lithium-ion battery by systematically understanding the conversion mechanisms and controlling the sulfur behavior during a modified-sulfation roasting. As a result, Li from complex cathode components can be selectively extracted with high efficiency by only using water. Selleck CX-5461 Notably, the sulfur driven recovery processes can be divided into two stages (i) part of the structure of NCM523 was destroyed, and Ni, Co, and Mn were reduced to divalent in different degrees to form sulfate (NiSO4, CoSO4, MnSO4) when reacting with H2SO4 at ambient temperature; (ii) with increasing temperature, Li ions in the unstable layered structure are released and combined with SO42- in the transition metal sulfate to form Li2SO4, and the sulfates of transition metals react to form Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O1.4. Studies have shown sulfur can be recirculated thoroughly in the form of SO42-, which in principle avoids secondary pollutions. By controlling the appropriate conversion temperature, we envisage that the sulfation selective roasting recovery technology could be easily applied to other spent lithium-ion battery materials. Besides, this work may also provide a unique platform for further study on the efficient extracting of other mineral resources.Multiple interface structures of M23C6 carbides precipitated at grain boundary in 100Mn13 high carbon high manganese steel, including the interface between the carbide particle and the matrix together with the interface between two adjacent carbides, were studied after 1050 °C solution treatment and subsequently after 475 °C aging treatment by high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) based on traditional transmission electron microscope (TEM). A growth model describing the adjacent M23C6 precipitations was proposed. The results show that precipitated carbide type is M23C6, which grows into both sides of austenite by a step growth mechanism. When two adjacent carbides precipitate along grain boundary, there are two cases as follows If the two carbides have the same orientation relationship with the same austenite grain, they would grow independently to contact with each other to coalesce into a larger size carbide with the same orientation relationship. If the two carbides have different orientation relationships with the same austenite grain, and there is an original twinning in one carbide, they would grow independently to contact with each other to form a precipitated twinning.
Read More: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cx-5461.html