Notes

190 µJ, 13  ns Im or her:ZBLAN mid-infrared fiber laser beam definitely Q-switched simply by a good electro-optic modulator.
This study aimed to ascertain the minimum gadolinium dosage on contrast-enhanced (CE) T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) at appropriate imaging time.

Different dosages of gadodiamide were imaged with a 3.0-T magnetic resonance scanner for T2-FLAIR and T1WI. Twenty glioma-induced rat models were randomly assigned into 4 groups (1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8 of routine dosage) and imaged for T2-FLAIR and T1WI preinjection and postinjection of gadodiamide. Contrast-enhanced T2-FLAIR was acquired for 8 repetitions postinjection. Enhancement effects were assessed by calculating contrast-noise ratio and contrast ratio using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney rank sum test.

The in vitro experiment showed that gadodiamide at 1/4 of the T1WI dosage presented the best contrast on CE-T2-FLAIR. For in vivo study, the best enhancement effect on CE-T2-FLAIR was achieved at 1/2 of the routine dosage at 8 to 12 minutes of delayed scanning. Compared with CE-T1WI at routine dosage, CE-T2-FLAIR at 1/2 gadodiamide dosage presented similar enhancement effects with no statistical difference (P = 0.244 and 0.090 for contrast-noise ratio and contrast ratio, respectively).

Contrast-enhanced T2-FLAIR imaging with half of T1WI routine gadodiamide dosage can produce similar enhancement effects to CE-T1WI when characterizing brain gliomas. The cut-down of contrast agent dosage may help reduce gadolinium accumulation in certain tissues.
Contrast-enhanced T2-FLAIR imaging with half of T1WI routine gadodiamide dosage can produce similar enhancement effects to CE-T1WI when characterizing brain gliomas. The cut-down of contrast agent dosage may help reduce gadolinium accumulation in certain tissues.
The aims of the study were to assess the performance of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived cardiac chamber volumes and volume ratios to identify group 2 pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients and to determine their cutoff values with the highest sensitivity and specificity.

One hundred six patients underwent CMR, 2 months after the diagnosis of PH by right heart catheterization. GLXC-25878 We classified patients with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of greater than 15 mm Hg as group 2 PH. Cardiac chamber volumes indexed to the body surface area and volume ratios were correlated to the type of PH. Their sensitivity and specificity to detect group 2 PH were examined at various cutoff points.

The most appropriate cutoff values to designate group 2 PH patients with high sensitivity and specificity were as follows left atrium volume index of 54.72 mL/m2 or greater, right ventricle volume/left atrium volume of 2.07 or less, and right atrium volume/left atrium volume of 1.61 or less.

Cardiac magnetic resonance-derived cardiac chamber volume indices and volume ratios can determine group 2 PH diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity.
Cardiac magnetic resonance-derived cardiac chamber volume indices and volume ratios can determine group 2 PH diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity.We describe a case series of imaging findings of 4 patients who underwent spinal dysraphisms repair in utero with novel patch material, cryopreserved human umbilical cord, in our institution. In our study, the prenatal and postnatal magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound are reviewed and showed cord tethering and syrinx progression in all cases. Our report is the first description of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound findings in the context of using this novel patch in severe cases of spinal dysraphisms.
This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy for small lung nodules (SLNs) (≤20 mm) and to assess related complication rates.

We reviewed the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify all relevant studies published as of April 2020. Random effects modeling were then used to evaluate pooled data pertaining to technical success rates, diagnostic accuracy, pneumothorax rates, and rates of hemoptysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using Stata v12.0.

In total, we identified 25 relevant studies for incorporation into this meta-analysis, incorporating 2922 total CT-guided lung biopsy. Pooled technical success rates, diagnostic accuracy, pneumothorax rates, and hemoptysis rates were 94% (95% confidential interval [CI], 0.91-0.98), 90% (95% CI, 0.88-0.93), 19% (95% CI, 0.15-0.24), and 12% (95% CI, 0.08-0.15), respectively. We observed significant heterogeneity among these studies for all 4 of these parameters (I = 90.0%, 82.7%, 88.6%, and 88.4%, respectively). When we conducted a meta-regression analysis, we did not identify any variables that influenced diagnostic accuracy or technical success, pneumothorax, or hemoptysis rates. Publication bias risk analyses suggested that there was relatively little risk of publication bias pertaining to pneumothorax rates (P = 0.400) or hemoptysis rates (P = 0.377). In contrast, we detected a high risk of publication bias pertaining to reported technical success rates (P = 0.007) and diagnostic accuracy (P = 0.000).

A CT-guided biopsy can be safely and effectively used to diagnose SLNs.
A CT-guided biopsy can be safely and effectively used to diagnose SLNs.
Gadolinium-based contrast agents for clinical magnetic resonance imaging are overall safe. However, the discovery of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with severe renal impairment and gadolinium deposition in patients receiving contrast have generated developments in contrast-free imaging of the vasculature, that is, noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography. This article presents an update on noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography techniques, with comparison to other imaging alternatives. Potential benefits and challenges to implementation, and evidence to date for various clinical applications are discussed.
Gadolinium-based contrast agents for clinical magnetic resonance imaging are overall safe. However, the discovery of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with severe renal impairment and gadolinium deposition in patients receiving contrast have generated developments in contrast-free imaging of the vasculature, that is, noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography. This article presents an update on noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography techniques, with comparison to other imaging alternatives.
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