Notes

Surface-Dependent Advanced Adsorption Modulation in Iridium-Modified Dark Phosphorus Electrocatalysts regarding Effective pH-Universal Drinking water Busting.
Social anxiety is a future-oriented mood characterized by apprehension about others' negative evaluations in anxiety-provoking social situations that may occur in the future. Episodic future thinking (EFT) is a form of future-oriented cognition that allows a pre-experiencing of our personal futures. The literature suggests that anxious individuals show increased negative expectancies about future events. However, few studies have been conducted on EFT in social anxiety. The current study investigated the phenomenological characteristics of EFT in adolescents with high and low social anxiety.

Twenty-two high social anxiety (HSA) and 24 low social anxiety (LSA) adolescents simulated one anxiety-provoking social event and one neutral event. They then rated the phenomenological characteristics of the events.

HSA adolescents imagined anxiety-provoking social events from an observer perspective more than LSA adolescents. HSA adolescents also imagined anxiety-provoking social events as more negative and containing less clear contextual details than LSA adolescents. In contrast, no group differences were found for neutral events. Moreover, participants imagined more self-referential information for anxiety-provoking social events than neutral events. HSA participants imagined less other-referential information than LSA participants, regardless of the event type.

This study used a subclinical sample with high and low social anxiety. The sample size was small, and only adolescents aged 15-17 years were included. It is difficult to generalize the present findings across different anxiety-provoking social events. The specificity of EFT was not evaluated.

Our findings highlight the importance of EFT in the psychopathology of adolescent social anxiety.
Our findings highlight the importance of EFT in the psychopathology of adolescent social anxiety.Datasets with missing values are very common in real world applications. GAIN, a recently proposed deep generative model for missing data imputation, has been proved to outperform many state-of-the-art methods. But GAIN only uses a reconstruction loss in the generator to minimize the imputation error of the non-missing part, ignoring the potential category information which can reflect the relationship between samples. In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised missing data imputation method named PC-GAIN, which utilizes potential category information to further enhance the imputation power. Specifically, we first propose a pre-training procedure to learn potential category information contained in a subset of low-missing-rate data. Then an auxiliary classifier is determined using the synthetic pseudo-labels. Further, this classifier is incorporated into the generative adversarial framework to help the generator to yield higher quality imputation results. The proposed method can improve the imputation quality of GAIN significantly. Experimental results on various benchmark datasets show that our method is also superior to other baseline approaches. Our code is available at https//github.com/WYu-Feng/pc-gain.In order to become proficient native speakers, children have to learn the morpho-syntactic relations between distant elements in a sentence, so-called non-adjacent dependencies (NADs). Previous research suggests that NAD learning in children comprises different developmental stages, where until 2 years of age children are able to learn NADs associatively under passive listening conditions, while starting around the age of 3-4 years children fail to learn NADs during passive listening. To test whether the transition between these developmental stages occurs gradually, we tested children's NAD learning in a foreign language using event-related potentials (ERPs). We found ERP evidence of NAD learning across the ages of 1, 2 and 3 years. The amplitude of the ERP effect indexing NAD learning, however, decreased with age. These findings might indicate a gradual transition in children's ability to learn NADs associatively. Cognitively, this transition might be driven by children's increasing knowledge of their native language, hindering NAD learning in novel contexts. Neuroanatomically, maturation of the prefrontal cortex might play a crucial role, promoting top-down learning, affecting bottom-up, associative learning. In sum, our study suggests that NAD learning under passive listening conditions undergoes a gradual transition between different developmental stages during early childhood.
Ankle-brachial index (ABI) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) are surrogate measures of atherosclerosis based on the functional performance of vessels, and are highly related to cardiovascular events. However, only a few longitudinal studies have been conducted on their associations with long-term air pollution exposure.

This study aimed to examine whether long-term air pollution exposure is associated with ABI and CAVI in workers of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR).

This longitudinal study included 1261 participants (age range, 57-76 years as of 2007) of the EGAT study (2007-2017). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/eidd-2801.html ABI and CAVI were measured in 2007, 2012, and 2017. Annual mean concentrations of particulate matter ≤10μm in diameter (PM
), sulfur dioxide (SO
), nitrogen dioxide (NO
), ozone (O
), and carbon monoxide (CO) were estimated by ordinary kriging using data from 22 background and 7 traffic monitoring stations in BMR between 2002 and 2017. Linear mixed-effecstudy.
Although not statistically significant, long-term NO2 and CO exposure was associated with ABI and CAVI in the participants of the EGAT study.
Although natural disasters can threaten health and well-being, some people show greater resilience to their effects than others. Identifying the characteristics related to resilience has important implications for reducing the health risks in the aftermath of a disaster.

Using the Conservation of Resources Theory as a framework, we study the role of resources in moderating the adverse effects of natural disasters on people's health and coping behaviors.

We match 20,658 unique individuals aged 50 or older from the 2012-2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study to the county-level annual natural hazard data provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Using individual-fixed effect models, we first model whether the experience of natural disasters can predict people's health and coping behaviors. We then explore heterogeneity in such effects by interacting individual- and county-level resilience resources with the number of natural disasters.

The results show that with increased exposure to natural disasters, older adults are more likely to experience difficulties performing instrumental daily activities.
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