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The particular link associated with replacing outcomes throughout populations and also ages within the presence of nonadditive practical gene motion.
Dynamic contrast makes microscopic FD-OCT a promising tool for the histological analysis of unstained tissues.We propose and numerically demonstrate a scheme of coherent optical chaos communication using semiconductor lasers for secure transmission of optical quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. In this scheme, a laser intensity chaos and its delayed duplicate are used to amplitude-quadrature modulate a continuous-wave light to generate a chaotic carrier. High-quality chaotic carrier synchronization between the transmitter and receiver is guaranteed by laser intensity chaos synchronization, avoiding laser phase fluctuation. Decryption is implemented by a 90 deg optical hybrid using the synchronous chaotic carrier as local light. Secure transmission of an optical 40 Gb/s 16QAM signal is demonstrated by using a laser intensity chaos with a bandwidth of 11.7 GHz. The system performances are evaluated by analyzing a bit error ratio with different masking coefficients, signal rates, synchronization coefficients, parameter mismatches, and dispersion compensation. It is believed that this scheme can pave a way for high-speed optical chaos communication.We employ dual-probe one-dimensional (1D) femtosecond (fs)/picosecond (ps) hybrid rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (HRCARS) to investigate simultaneous temperature, pressure, and O2/N2 measurements for gas-phase diagnostics. The dual-probe HRCARS technique allows for simultaneous measurements from the time and frequency-domain. A novel approach for measuring pressure, which offers high accuracy ( less then 1%) and precision (0.42%), is presented. The technique is first demonstrated in a chamber for a range of pressures (1-1.5 bar). This technique shows an impressive capability of resolving 1D pressure gradients arising from a N2 jet impinging on a surface, both in laminar and turbulent conditions. The technique is shown to be capable of resolving single-shot pressure gradients (0.04 bar/mm) originating from kinetic energy conversion to pressure and resolves characteristic O2/N2 structures from laminar and turbulent mixing.A broadband and low-dispersion high refractive index (HRI) metamaterial formed by symmetrically etching two identical metasurfaces on both sides of a dielectric slab has been numerically and experimentally demonstrated in the terahertz region. The unit cell of the metasurface is a Jerusalem cross surrounded by a square metal ring, in which there are two magnetic resonances and one electric resonance. The proposed metamaterial simultaneously possesses high effective permittivity and permeability in broadband frequencies, since the multiple resonances result in a significant bandwidth expansion of a HRI. The simulation results reveal that the refractive index of the proposed metamaterial reaches up to 27 in the frequency range of 0.39-0.65 THz, and the relative bandwidth is about 44%. Furthermore, the fluctuation of the refractive index in this frequency band is less than 6%, showing a good low-dispersion characteristic. We also fabricated a sample to verify this HRI property. Experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations. This broadband HRI metamaterial is desirable in many fields, such as in high-resolution imaging and optical communications.We provide a novel approach for estimating the modal and chromatic dispersions of the LP01 and LP11 modes traversing a two-mode fiber (TMF). A modal interferometer is used to measure the differential group delay (DGD) and chromatic dispersion for the two modes in the 1260-1360 nm telecommunication band. The measurement principle is based on an investigation of a transmitted spectrum through temporal decomposition by means of a Fourier transform. The diagnosis of the DGD and chromatic dispersion for the two modes is discussed theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results obtained here exactly match those obtained previously. The salient feature of the present method is that the modal interferometer configuration makes it possible to measure both the DGD and chromatic dispersion and also estimate the shape of optical pulses traversing a TMF.A highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance fiber sensor for a vector magnetic field is proposed. The sensor is composed of a half-side gold-coated multimode-single-mode-multimode hetero-core fiber structure encapsulated with ferrofluids. The half-side gold film on the fiber not only produces the surface plasmon resonance, but also breaks the centrosymmetry of the light field in the fiber. Moreover, selleck -field-dependent anisotropy of the surrounding ferrofluids makes the sensor sensitive to both the intensity and direction of the magnetic field. Owing to the unique half-side coating configuration and the resulting enhancement of the evanescent field, the sensor can achieve a sensitivity as high as 1008 pm/Oe to the magnetic field intensity. The proposed sensor, possessing advantages such as high sensitivity, ease of fabrication, and low cost, has potential in the detection of a weak vector magnetic field.A general eigen equation has been deduced that can handle ideal and non-ideal quarter-wavelength cases of Bragg-reflection waveguide structure for nonlinear interaction with matching layers on each side of the active region. In particular, this equation allows for solving the cases when the Bragg reflectors are non-ideal quarter-wavelength thick. With this equation, we propose a Bragg-reflection waveguide structure based on the AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs material system with high figure-of-merit |ξd e f f | total nonlinearity and checked the influence if the thickness of the quarter-wavelength Bragg reflectors is off by 10%.The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) in the optical spectrum depends on the homogeneity of the thin film deposited. In this Letter, a method for improving the FWHM is applied for an LMR generated by a D-shaped optical fiber in reflection configuration. For this purpose, three samples with different attenuation were deposited with DC sputtering thin films of SnO2-x, and a further controlled immersion of the samples in water was performed. #link# A laser-cleaner method was used to improve the FWHM characteristics of one of the samples from 106 to 53 nm. This improvement can be applied to thin-film-based sensors where there is a problem with the inhomogeneity of the coating thickness. Moreover, with this technique, it was proved that a coated length of just 3-4 mm permits the generation of an LMR, with implications for the miniaturization of the final device.
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