Notes

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ain range, which can be used to infer age.
To determine the association between malocclusion and the severity of dental caries among children and adolescents in the permanent dentition.

A search was conducted in Medline, Cochrane databases, Google scholar, Scopus and Web of Science through October 2020 for studies of malocclusion and dental caries among children and adolescents using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool for cross-sectional studies. Data were extracted using the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Meta-analysis used the Cochrane Program Review Manager Version 5. A random effects model was used to assess the association among different categories of malocclusion with dental caries. GRADE analysis assessed the certainty of evidence.

Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Handicapping malocclusion was significantly associated with higher mean DMFT scores (Mean difference 1.03, 95% CI, 0.61, 1.44). Participants with severe malocclusion had higher mean DMFT when compared to subjects with normal occlusion (0.32, 95% CI, 0.13, 0.51). Definite malocclusion was also associated with higher mean DMFT scores (Mean difference 0.19, 95% CI, 0.03, -0.35).

Malocclusion is associated with dental caries in the permanent dentition. DMFT scores and the strength of the association increased with severity of malocclusion. Low to moderate certainty of evidence was observed for association between handicapping, severe, and definite malocclusion with dental caries.
Malocclusion is associated with dental caries in the permanent dentition. DMFT scores and the strength of the association increased with severity of malocclusion. Low to moderate certainty of evidence was observed for association between handicapping, severe, and definite malocclusion with dental caries.This article combines a review of dental studies on race with sociological insights into systemic racism to advance a counter-narrative on the root causes of racial oral health inequities. Taking racism as a form of oppression that cuts across institutional, cultural, and behavioral dimensions of social life, we ask How pervasive are racial inequities in the occurrence of adverse oral health outcomes? What is the direction and magnitude of racial inequities in oral health? Does the inequitable distribution of negative outcomes persist over time? How can sociological frameworks on systemic racism inform initiatives to effectively reduce racial oral health inequities? The first three questions are addressed by reviewing dental studies conducted in the past few years around the globe. The fourth question is addressed by framing racial oral health inequities around sociological scholarship on racism as a systemic feature of contemporary societies. selleck inhibitor The paper concludes with a set of practical recommendations on how to eliminate racial oral health inequities, which include engaging with a strong anti-racist narrative and actively dismantling the race discrimination system. Amid the few attempts at moving the field towards improved racial justice, this paper should be followed by research on interventions against racial oral health inequities, including the conditions under which they succeed.
Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for the treatment of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) has emerged as a promising method directly targeting the underlying pathophysiology of the disease.

To compare outcomes in ED patients after ESWT and placebo treatment.

Prospective randomized placebo-controlled single-blinded trial on 66 patients with mild ED. The study comprised a 4-week washout phase, a 4-week treatment phase, and a 48-week follow-up. Inclusion criteria included age between 18 and 75 years and diagnosis of mild ED (IIEF-EF score= 17-25) being made at least six months prior to study inclusion and being confirmed by Penile Doppler ultrasonography (US) at baseline examination. Efficacy endpoints were changes from baseline in patient-reported outcomes of erectile function(International Index of Erectile Function domain scores [IIEF-EF]), as well as erection hardness and duration (Sexual Encounter Profile diary [SEP] and Global Assessment Questions [GAQ]). Safety was assessed rectile function of relatively young patients with vasculogenic mild ED when compared to placebo, and the beneficial effect of this treatment up to 6 months. These findings suggest that ESWT could be a useful treatment option in vasculogenic ED.
and Conclusion ESWT significantly improved the erectile function of relatively young patients with vasculogenic mild ED when compared to placebo, and the beneficial effect of this treatment up to 6 months. These findings suggest that ESWT could be a useful treatment option in vasculogenic ED.
A systematic review was conducted on published data of subacute combined degeneration (SCD) from B12 deficiency to investigate potential prognostic indicators of final ambulatory function in affected patients. TYPE Systematic review.

Records published from 1999 through 2018 were searched on the electronic databases MEDLINE, PUBMED, and SCOPUS. The publication language was restricted to English and French.

Records that described cases of SCD from B12 deficiency in patients ≥16 years of age at onset were included. From a final total of 66 cases of SCD identified, ambulation scores were assigned based on the clinical descriptions reported. Patient characteristics, clinical manifestations, and ambulatory function were reported descriptively. Subanalyses on potential prognostic indicators were performed.

Greater ambulatory function at diagnosis was associated with recovery of normal ambulatory function at follow-up (P <.001). Nearly 90% of patients walking unsupported at diagnosis made a complete recoveove ultimate ambulatory function in advanced cases of SCD.
Initial ambulatory function may be a useful clinical marker of the severity of spinal cord dysfunction and final functional outcome. Etiological risk factors influenced both clinical manifestations and final walking ability in SCD, suggesting a distinct pathophysiological mechanism among the causes. In addition, a more intensive B12 replacement regimen may improve ultimate ambulatory function in advanced cases of SCD.
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