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Vesicular transport serves as an important mechanism for cell shape regulation during development. Although the semaphorin signaling molecule, a well-known regulator of axon guidance, induces endocytosis in the growth cone and the axonal transport of vertebrate neurons, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans SNT-1/synaptotagmin-UNC-41/stonin2 system, whose role in synaptic vesicle recycling in neurons has been studied extensively, is involved in semaphorin-regulated vesicular transport in larval epidermal cells. Mutations in the snt-1/unc-41 genes strongly suppressed the cell shape defects of semaphorin mutants. The null mutation in the semaphorin receptor gene, plx-1, altered the expression and localization pattern of endocytic and exocytic markers in the epidermal cells while repressing the transport of SNT-1-containing vesicles towards late-endosome/lysosome pathways. Our findings suggest that the nematode semaphorins regulate the vesicular transport in epidermal cells in a manner distinct from that of vertebrate semaphorins in neurons. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE This study aims to present overall survival rates to hospital discharge for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Tasmania and to identify predictors of survival. METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was undertaken from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014. A probabilistically linked data set was created from paramedic electronic medical records and hospital patient records. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with survival of OHCA. RESULTS During the study, 2949 incidents of OHCA were reviewed and 1146 had emergency management provided, with an overall survival rate to hospital discharge of 135 (12%). A number of independent factors are associated with improved outcomes including if the initial presenting cardiac rhythm was either ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 8.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.15-14.89) (P less then  0.0001) relative to those who were found in a non-shockable rhythm. Another factor was age group (overall P less then  0.001). Those aged 85+ years had a reduced overall survival rate (2.9%), which was lower than those less then 16 years of age (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.07-1.94; adjusted OR 0.38, CI 0.03-1.00) (P less then  0.001). The odds of surviving OHCA decreased by 9% for every minute defibrillation of a shockable rhythm was delayed were witnessed by a bystander (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85-0.95). CONCLUSION Time to defibrillation for witnessed arrests, other than paramedic witnessed arrest was associated with better overall survival rates than unwitnessed OHCA. Further factors such as the event being of cardiac aetiology, bystander cardio-pulmonary resuscitation performed, initial presenting cardiac rhythm of ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia and decreasing age were all associated with increased probability of survival. © 2020 Australasian College for Emergency Medicine.A series of cyclodextrin-derived room temperature macromolecular ionic liquids carrying rather low glass transition temperatures of -20 to -40 °C are synthesized via sequential esterification, quaternization, and anion metathesis reactions. In addition to being ionic in nature, they are viscous liquids at room temperature with more fluidic behavior at elevated temperatures. They serve as a solvent for organic dyes or iodine separation via a liquid-liquid extraction approach. This strategy is useful for the development of various sugar (macro)molecule-based functional ionic liquids as well as macromolecular ionic liquids. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Cyberchondria refers to the tendency to excessively and compulsively search for online medical information despite the distress experienced, with consequent impairment of daily-life activities. The current two studies sought to explore (i) the factor structure of the Italian version of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS) and (ii) a metacognitive model of cyberchondria. Participants were Italian community adults who reported using the Internet to search for health-related information (Study 1 N = 374, Study 2 N = 717). Results from Study 1 supported the Italian version of the CSS exhibiting a five-factor structure, with the resulting scales demonstrating good internal consistency, 5-week test-retest reliability, and generally strong correlations with indices of health anxiety. In Study 2, results of a path analysis showed that the negative metacognitive belief domain ("thoughts are uncontrollable") shared the strongest direct association with each of the five dimensions of cyberchondria, followed by beliefs about rituals. Savolitinib Consistently, the strongest indirect associations were found between "thoughts are uncontrollable" and all the five cyberchondria dimensions via beliefs about rituals. These results provide support for an Italian version of the CSS and the metacognitive conceptualization of cyberchondria. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Acute tubular necrosis (ATN), a frequent histopathological feature in the early post-renal transplant biopsy, affects long-term graft function. Appropriate markers to identify patients at risk of no or incomplete recovery after delayed graft function are lacking. In this study, we first included 41 renal transplant patients whose biopsy for cause during the first month after transplantation showed ATN lesions. Using partial microvasculature endothelial (fascin, vimentin) and tubular epithelial (vimentin) to mesenchymal transition markers, detected by immunohistochemistry, we found a significant association between partial endothelial to mesenchymal transition (pEndMT) and poor graft function recovery (Spearman's rho= -0.55, P=0.0005). Transforming growth factor-beta1 was strongly expressed in these phenotypic changed endothelial cells. Extent of ATN was also correlated with short- and long-term graft dysfunction. However, the association of extensive ATN with long-term graft dysfunction (24 months posttransplant) was observed only in patients with pEndMT marker expression in their grafts (Spearman's rho= -0.
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