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The high level of PUFA-containing lipid species in children with PKU may be related to a diet supplemented with PUFA. This study was the first report comparing the plasma polar lipidome of PKU and healthy children, highlighting that the phospholipidome of PKU children is significantly altered compared to CT. However, further studies with larger cohorts are needed to clarify whether these changes are specific to phenylketonuric children.Ice nucleators are of crucial and important implications in various fields including chemistry, climate, agriculture, and cryobiology. However, the complicated extract and biocompatibility of ice nucleators remain unresolved, and the mechanism of ice nucleation remains largely unknown. Herein, we show that natural nanocrystalline cellulose materials possess special properties to enhance ice nucleation and facilitate needle-like ice crystal growth. We reveal the molecular level mechanism that the efficient exposure of cellulose hydroxyl groups on (-110) surface leads to faster nucleation of water. We further design chitosan-decorated cellulose nanocrystals to accomplish molecular cryoablation in CD 44 high-expression cells; the cell viability shows more than ∼10 times decrease compared to cryoablation alone and does not show evident systematic toxicity. Collectively, our findings also offer improved knowledge in molecular level ice nucleation, which may benefit multiple research communities and disciplines.A novel synthesis method for the construction of 3-coumaranones from the reaction of two molecules, calcium carbide and salicylaldehyde, was reported. Various 2-methyl-2-vinylbenzofuran-3(2H)-ones could be obtained in moderate yields in the absence of a metal catalyst. The salient features of this protocol involve widely available starting materials, an inexpensive and easy-to-handle alkyne source, and a cost-efficient route. The reaction mechanism was verified by density functional theory calculations of possible intermediates and corresponding transition states.UV photodissociation of benzoyl chloride, Ph-CO-Cl, is associated with the loss of a chlorine atom. Here we excite benzoyl chloride to the S1, S2, and S3 excited states at 237, 253, 265, and 279.6 nm and detect the Cl photofragment by [1 + 1'] photoionization using 118.9 nm VUV radiation. The translational energy distribution of the Cl atom is measured by velocity map ion imaging. An isotropic image and a unimodal translational energy distribution are observed at all dissociation wavelengths, and a fraction of 18-20% of the excess energy is released into translation. The results indicate a dissociation that predominately proceeds from the vibrationally hot S0 ground state, although the observed translational energy release deviates significantly from a prior distribution. However, the impulsive model does also not represent the translational energy release. As a Cl/Cl* branching ratio of 91 or more is observed in one-color experiments at 235 nm, we conclude that direct dissociation from excited electronic states contributes only to a minor extent.Despite grand advances in Zn-air batteries in recently years, their commercialization remains challenging due largely to the lack of efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysts. Herein, we report the crafting of a bifunctional electrocatalyst comprising ultrafine alloyed FeNi nanoparticles encapsulated within N-doped layered carbon nanosheets (denoted FeNi/N-LCN) for high-efficiency Zn-air batteries. The FeNi/N-LCN electrocatalyst is yielded via the coordination of triphenylimidazole-containing polyaniline (TPANI) oligomer with Fe- and Ni-containing precursors, followed by hydrogen binding with melamine and subsequent pyrolysis. The as-constructed FeNi/N-LCN manifests outstanding activity and stability toward both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The primary Zn-air battery assembled with FeNi/N-LCN delivers both high specific capacity and peak power density. Remarkably, the rechargeable Zn-air battery can be repeatedly charged and discharged for 1100 h at 5 mA cm-2 and for 600 h at 10 mA cm-2, representing the highest cycling stability among various reported Zn-air batteries.Protected and spin-polarized transport channels are the hallmark of topological insulators, coming along with an intrinsic strong spin-orbit coupling. Here we identified such corresponding chiral states in epitaxially grown zigzag graphene nanoribbons (zz-GNRs), albeit with an extremely weak spin-orbit interaction. While the bulk of the monolayer zz-GNR is fully suspended across a SiC facet, the lower edge merges into the SiC(0001) substrate and reveals a surface state at the Fermi energy, which is extended along the edge and splits in energy toward the bulk. All of the spectroscopic details are precisely described within a tight binding model incorporating a Haldane term and strain effects. The concomitant breaking of time-reversal symmetry without the application of external magnetic fields is supported by ballistic transport revealing a conduction of G = e2/h.The protein HIV Reverse Transcriptase (HIV RT) synthesizes a DNA strand according to a template. During the synthesis, the polymerase slides on the double stranded DNA to allow the entry of a new nucleotide to the active site. We use Molecular Dynamics simulations to estimate the free energy profile and the time scale of the DNA-protein's relative displacement in the complex's closed state. We illustrate that the presence of the catalytic magnesium slows down the process. Upon removing the catalytic magnesium ion, the process is rapid and significantly faster than reopening the active site in preparation for the new substrate. We speculate that magnesium regulates DNA translocation. The magnesium locks the DNA into a specific orientation during the chemical addition of the nucleotide. The release of Mg2+ eases DNA sliding and the acceptance of a new substrate.Super-liquid-repellent (SLR) surfaces based on surface micro/nanotextures are generally regarded as "non-wettable", though careful examination shows that residual microdroplets remain atop surface textures upon drop shedding-off. read more Despite its great importance, the origin of microscopic liquid residues remains poorly explored, and how to suppress residue formation is an open question. Herein, on the basis of high-speed microscopic imaging and numerical simulations, we resolve the fast formation dynamics of liquid residues on micropillared SLR surfaces and show that the competition of contact line receding on micropillars and the pinch-off of microcapillary bridges governs residue formation. The local receding angle can temporarily reduce to be drastically lower than the intrinsic one accompanying occurrence of accelerated contact line receding, inevitably leading to capillary bridge pinch-off and residue formation. We further show a liquid-like coating can delay capillary bridge pinch-off and reduce residue volume on SLR surfaces by more than 80% compared to those with conventional perfluoroalkylsilane coatings.
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