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STAT3 mediated upregulation involving C-MET signaling provides for a award for success mechanism about EGFR family hang-up in chemoresistant cancer of the breast cells.
BACKGROUNDS Polymers, widely existing in food or dietary materials, have been attracting researchers, facing challenges, and needing effective strategies on targeted characterization in complex matrixes. METHODS A modified data filtering strategy (including locating with drift time and m/z ranges, multiple mass defect filtering, validating MS information, and evaluating MS/MS spectra) was developed and applied for procyanidins in the grape seed extracts (GSE) using drift tube ion mobility-mass spectrometry. The procyanidin ions' trendlines were predicted by multi-model regression. Their collision cross-sections (CCSs) were calculated using single-field methods. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Totally, 769 CCSs belonging to 686 procyanidins with polymer degrees at 1-15 were characterized. The exponent regression was the most reasonable model (r2 ≥ 0.9379) to reveal the trendlines. The change tendency of CCSs with their polymer degrees, charge states, and linkage types were investigated. CONCLUSION This study provided an innovative strategy for targeted characterization of polymers in complex matrixes. Impacts of 2-butanol and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at various ratios and treatment times on bitterness, physicochemical and functional properties of Alcalase salmon frame protein hydrolysate (ASF) were investigated. ASF treated with 2-butanol at a ratio of 14 (w/v) for 20 min (ASFB) or with β-CD at a ratio of 11 (w/w) for 30 min (ASF-C-1) had lower bitterness score than ASF (p less then 0.05). Bitterness score of ASF (8.45) was reduced to the lowest score (1.32) when ASFB was subsequently treated with β-CD at a 11 ratio (w/w) for 30 min (ASFB-C-1). Surface hydrophobicity of all debittered samples was lower than that of ASF sample (p less then 0.05). The level of aromatic amino acids-containing peptides was reduced in ASFB-C-1 as shown by gel permeation chromatography. ASFB-C-1 sample had higher overall-likeness score but lower antioxidant properties than ASF (p less then 0.05). The desired antioxidant activity could be achieved via increasing the amount of protein hydrolysate without imparting undesirable taste. Seed phytic acid reduces mineral bioavailability by chelating minerals. Consumption of common bean seeds with the low phytic acid 1 (lpa1) mutation improved iron status in human trials but caused adverse gastrointestinal effects, presumably due to increased stability of lectin phytohemagglutinin L (PHA-L) compared to the wild type (wt). A hard-to-cook (HTC) defect observed in lpa1 seeds intensified this problem. We quantified the HTC phenotype of lpa1 common beans with three genetic backgrounds. The HTC phenotype in the lpa1 black bean line correlated with the redistribution of calcium particularly in the cell walls, providing support for the "phytase-phytate-pectin" theory of the HTC mechanism. Furthermore, the excess of free cations in the lpa1 mutation in combination with different PHA alleles affected the stability of PHA-L lectin. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in goat muscles and their possible relationships with meat quality have not been fully elucidated. This study characterized the MHC isoforms in different caprine muscles using sodium dodecyl sulphate glycerol gel electrophoresis (SDS-GGE). The relationships between MHC isoforms, calpain systems and meat quality characteristics of different muscles in goats were examined. Four muscles, namely infraspinatus (IF), longissimus dorsi (LD), psoas major (PM) and supraspinatus (SS) were obtained from ten Boer crossbred bucks (7-10 months old; 26.5 ± 3.5 kg, BW). The percentages of MHC I, MHC IIa and MHC IIx in SS, IF, PM and LD were 47.2, 38.3, 32.1, 11.9; 28.0, 42.1, 33.0, 36.4; and 24.8, 19.6, 34.9 and 51.7, respectively. IF and SS had higher levels of calpastatin, total collagen and insoluble collagen contents than did PM and LD. PM had longer sarcomere length than did other muscles. LD had higher collagen solubility, troponin-T degradation products and glycogen content than did other muscles. These results infer that variable fiber-type composition could account partially for the differences in the physicochemical properties of goat muscles. Zein, a class of prolamine proteins extracted from maize, is extensively used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Characterization of its components is essential for quality control and safety evaluation. We performed in silico digestion of zein proteins using tandem combinations of different proteinases, to improve protein sequence coverage and subsequent identification by nano-LC-MS/MS analysis. Trypsin/chymotrypsin yielded the highest protein sequence coverage of up to 79.5% and increased the number of proteins from 11 to 35 compared to trypsin/Lys-C. Besides, SDS-PAGE analysis revealed 37 proteins in the zein extract, as well as the possibility of protein polymers. Also, 420 peptides originating from 71 proteins were identified, of which 116 were predicted as bioactive by in silico approach. In conclusion, in silico prediction coupled with multi-enzyme digestion can significantly improve the coverage of complex zein protein proteome, and the potential function of zein proteins and peptides need be further investigated. OBJECTIVES Yoga is believed to play a role in stabilizing the electroencephalogram and the autonomic nervous system, thus might help control seizures in people with epilepsy (PWE). This qualitative study was conducted to explore experiences of Palestinian PWE with regard to benefits, motives, barriers, and recommendations of prescribing yoga exercises as a nonpharmacological intervention. METHODS Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit PWE who practiced yoga. Semi-structured in-depth interviews (n = 18) were conducted with the study participants. The interpretive description method was used to qualitatively analyze the data collected during the interviews. selleck RESULTS Following the thematic analysis adopted for this study, four major themes emerged. These themes were as follows perceived benefits of yoga, motives to practice yoga, barriers to practice yoga, and recommendations on effective yoga practice for PWE. The perceived benefits included improvements in management of seizures, psychological, physical, and social well-being.
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