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Liver diseases are associated with the leaky gut via the gut-liver-axis. Previous studies have paid much attention to the effect of gut barrier damage. Notably, clinical observations and basic research reveal that the gut barrier damage seldom leads to liver injury independently but aggravates pre-existing liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and drug-induced liver injury. These evidences suggest that there is a hepatic barrier in the gut-liver-axis, protecting the liver against gut-derived pathogenic factors. However, it has never been investigated which type of liver cell plays the role of hepatic barrier. Under physiological conditions, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) can take up and eliminate virus, bacteriophage, microbial products, and metabolic wastes. selleck inhibitor LSEC also keeps the homeostasis of liver immune environment via tolerance-inducing and anti-inflammatory functions. In contrast, under pathological conditions, the clearance function of LSEC is impaired, and LSEC turns into a pro-inflammatory pattern. Given its anatomical position and physiological functions, LSEC is proposed as the hepatic barrier in the gut-liver-axis. In this review, we aim to further understand the role of LSEC as the hepatic barrier. Future studies are warranted to seek effective treatments to improve LSEC health, which appears to be a promising approach to prevent gut-derived liver injury.Bronchiectasis is characterized by the destruction of bronchial wall and persistent irreversible bronchiectasis due to respiratory infection and bronchial obstruction. Reversible bronchiectasis is rarely reported in adults. The study aims to evaluate dynamic changes in chest computed tomography (CT) findings and relevant factors affecting improvement or reversal of bronchiectasis. A total of 239 patients with bronchiectasis admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. 23 patients (group A) with bronchiectasis reversion or improvement confirmed by chest CT were matched with patients in group B according to gender and age (difference less then 5 years). 23 patients (group B) with bronchiectasis progression or no obvious improvement confirmed by chest CT were selected from the remaining patients. The clinical features and imaging findings of the two groups were compared. The duration of disease in group A was less than that in group B, and the stable period was longer (p less then 0.05). There was no significant difference in other clinical features between the two groups. In contrast to the traditional concept of "Bronchiectasis", our results suggested that some adult bronchiectasis can be improved and completely radiologically reversed.
Knowing explicitly where we are is an interpretation of our spatial representations. Reduplicative paramnesia is a disrupting syndrome in which patients present a firm belief of spatial mislocation. Here, we studied the largest sample of patients with delusional misidentifications of space (ie, reduplicative paramnesia) after stroke to shed light on their neurobiology.

In a prospective, cumulative, case-control study, we screened 400 patients with acute right-hemispheric stroke. We included 64 cases and 233 controls. First, lesions were delimited and normalized. Then, we computed structural and functional disconnection maps using methods of lesion-track and network-mapping. The maps were compared, controlling for confounders. Second, we built a multivariate logistic model, including clinical, behavioral, and neuroimaging data. Finally, we performed a nested cross-validation of the model with a support-vector machine analysis.

The most frequent misidentification subtype was confabulatory mislocation (56%ive updating of spatial representations underlying reduplicative paramnesia. This novel data may contribute to better understand the pathophysiology of delusional syndromes after stroke. ANN NEUROL 2021;891181-1194.
To determine the relationship between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained measures of body composition in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Youth with obesity and NAFLD who had BIA and abdominal MRI testing were included. BIA measured skeletal muscle mass (SMM), appendicular lean mass (ALM), trunk muscle mass (TMM), and percent body fat. MRI measured total psoas muscle surface area (tPMSA) and fat compartments. Univariate analysis described the relationship between BIA- and MRI-derived measurements. Multivariable regression analyses built a model with body composition measured via MRI.

115 patients (82 (71%) male, 38 (33%) Hispanic, median age14 years) were included. There was a strong correlation between tPMSA and SMM, ALM, and TMM (correlation coefficients [CCs] 0.701, 0.689, 0.708, respectively; all P < .001). Higher SMM, ALM, and TMM were associated with higher tPMSA. This association remained after controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, type 2 diabetes mellitus status, and body mass index z-score. Total fat mass by BIA and MRI-determined total, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal fat area correlated significantly (CCs 0.813, 0.808, 0.515, respectively; all P < .001). In univariate regression, higher total fat mass by BIA was associated with increased total fat area and increased fat in each of the four regions measured by MRI. After controlling for confounders, the association between total fat mass by BIA and total fat area by MRI persisted.

BIA measures of muscle and fat mass correlate strongly with MRI measures of tPMSA and fat areas in children with obesity and NAFLD.
BIA measures of muscle and fat mass correlate strongly with MRI measures of tPMSA and fat areas in children with obesity and NAFLD.Apremilast has been approved as an effective and safe treatment for psoriasis, but clinical trial results may differ from real-life data. This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of apremilast in a Greek cohort of adult patients with psoriasis who had received at least one dose of apremilast between March 2016 and January 2021. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients who achieved 75% reduction in Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI75) at Week 16. Absolute PASI, PASI90 (90% reduction) and adverse events were also recorded at various timepoints. In total, 102 patients (29.4% women, 70.6% men) with a mean ± SD age 55.94 ± 15.21 years were included. PASI75 and PASI90 were achieved by 20.8% and 1.98% of patients, respectively, at Week 16. According to our results, PASI90 achievement was significantly lower than that reported in clinical trials. The efficacy of apremilast increased gradually until Week 24, with further improvement noted in good responders up to Week 52.
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