Notes

Murray Levine (1928-2020).
alth economic attention and influences nursing professional execution. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.A comprehensive model to describe water stability of prototypal metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by combining different types of theoretical and experimental approaches is derived. Our results provide insight into the early stages of water-triggered destabilization of MOFs, and allow proposing detailed pathways for the degradation of different MOFs under aqueous conditions. The essential elements of the approach are computing the pKa values of coordinated water molecules and geometry relaxations. We use variable temperature and pH infrared spectroscopy techniques to corroborate our main findings. The model developed herein helps explaining stability limits observed for several prototypal MOFs, including MOF-5, HKUST-1, UiO-66, and MIL-101-Cr in aqueous solutions, providing insight into the possible degradation pathways in acidic and basic environment. Formation of metal-hydroxide from autoprotolysis of metal-coordinated water molecules, and the strength of carboxylate-metal interactions are the two key players governing stability in basic and acidic media, respectively. The methodology presented herein can effectively guide future efforts, especially significant to in silico screening, for developing novel MOFs with enhanced aqueous stability. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.In this study, the rabbit model with anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) was used to investigate early degenerative changes in cartilage using multiparametric quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI). ACLT was surgically induced in the knees of skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits (n = 14). ACL transected and contralateral knee compartments-medial femur, lateral femur, medial tibia, and lateral tibia-were harvested 2 (n = 8) and 8 weeks (n = 6) postsurgery. Twelve age-matched nonoperated rabbits served as control. Levofloxacin in vivo qMRI was conducted at 9.4 T and included relaxation times T1 , T2 , continuous-wave T1ρ (CWT1ρ ), adiabatic T1ρ (AdT1ρ ), adiabatic T2ρ (AdT2ρ ), and relaxation along a fictitious field (TRAFF ). For reference, quantitative histology and biomechanical measurements were carried out. Posttraumatic changes were primarily noted in the superficial half of the cartilage. Prolonged T1 , T2 , CWT1ρ , and AdT1ρ were observed in the lateral femur 2 and 8 weeks post-ACLT, compared with the corresponding control and contralateral groups (P  less then  .05). Collagen orientation was significantly altered in the lateral femur at 2 weeks post-ACLT compared with the corresponding control group. In the medial femur, all the studied relaxation time parameters, except TRAFF , were increased 8 weeks post-ACLT, as compared with the corresponding contralateral and control groups (P  less then  .05). Similarly, significant proteoglycan loss was observed in the medial femur at 8 weeks following surgery (P  less then  .05). Multiparametric MRI demonstrated early degenerative changes primarily in the superficial cartilage with T1 , T2 , CWT1ρ , and AdT1ρ sensitive to cartilage changes at 2 weeks after surgery. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.Animal osteoarthritis (OA) models have been developed to understand OA progression and evaluate new OA therapies. However, individual variations in joint lesions remain a critical problem in most current OA models. We established a novel rabbit model by creating a longitudinal tear in the medial meniscus body that was reproducible and similar to posttraumatic biomechanical disturbances in human OA. New Zealand rabbits underwent surgery and were assessed for 9 weeks. The rabbits were randomized into the sham control, medial meniscal tear (MMT), and anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) groups. The animals were sacrificed at 4, 6, and 9 weeks posttreatment. The knee joints were harvested for histological and gene expression assessments. Both the MMT and ACLT procedures led to time-dependent degenerative changes in the femoral condyle cartilage. At each time point, the MMT group cartilage showed more severe degenerative changes than did the ACLT group cartilage. Consistently, inflammatory cytokine and catabolic gene expression were significantly higher, and anabolic gene expression was significantly lower in the MMT group than in the ACLT group. MMT treatment caused more severe structural damage to the cartilage and higher catabolic gene expression levels than the ACLT model at each time point. The MMT model may be highly beneficial in investigating posttraumatic OA (PTOA) development, especially PTOA from a meniscal injury. The MMT model replicated key features of human PTOA, including meniscal lesions, inflammatory responses, and the progression to osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration, thereby providing an exciting new avenue for translating promising treatments to clinical practice. © 2020 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an increasingly widespread treatment for joint pathologies. Its characteristics and administration route are variables that may influence the clinical outcome. The aim of this in vivo study was to analyze in aged rats the biological and structure effects of intraosseous infiltrations of two different types of PRP obtained from young and old donors. During 6 months intraosseous infiltrations were performed and 4 days after the last infiltration, animals were sacrificed, and bones were extracted for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis. Molecular composition of the PRP of aged donors presented higher levels of proinflammatory molecules. The histological studies showed a greater cellularity of bone marrow in groups treated with PRP. Concerning micro-CT analysis, young PRP showed a better femoral bone structure according to values of percentage of trabecular bone, trabecular space, trabecular density, and subchondral bone plate volume. In summary, this study has demonstrated that intraosseous infiltrations of PRP from young donors prevent from age-related bone degeneration.
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