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87 (95% CI, 1.75-4.69).

This systematic review demonstrated a positive association between periodontitis and psoriasis; however, a causal relationship cannot be established. Due to the weak evidence, caution should be taken when interpreting the results regarding periodontal parameters. Well-designed prospective studies are necessary to evaluate interactions between both diseases.
This systematic review demonstrated a positive association between periodontitis and psoriasis; however, a causal relationship cannot be established. Due to the weak evidence, caution should be taken when interpreting the results regarding periodontal parameters. Well-designed prospective studies are necessary to evaluate interactions between both diseases.Diabetes is a major health issue of increasing prevalence. ß-cell replacement, by pancreas or islet transplantation, is the only long-term curative option for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Despite good functional results, pancreas transplantation remains a major surgery with potentially severe complications. Islet transplantation is a minimally invasive alternative that can widen the indications in view of its lower morbidity. However, the islet isolation procedure disrupts their vasculature and connection to the surrounding extracellular matrix, exposing them to ischemia and anoikis. Implanted islets are also the target of innate and adaptive immune attacks, thus preventing robust engraftment and prolonged full function. Generation of organoids, defined as functional 3D structures assembled with cell types from different sources, is a strategy increasingly used in regenerative medicine for tissue replacement or repair, in a variety of inflammatory or degenerative disorders. Applied to ß-cell replacement, it offers the possibility to control the size and composition of islet-like structures (pseudo-islets), and to include cells with anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we will present approaches to generate islet cell organoids and discuss how these strategies can be applied to the generation of a bioartificial pancreas for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.The success of pancreas islet isolation largely depends on donor characteristics, including extracellular matrix composition of which collagen is the main element. We hypothesized that isolation yields are proportional to collagen digestion percentage, and aimed to determine a threshold that predicts isolation success. The amount of pancreas collagen (I-V) was determined using colorimetry prior to and after the digestion process in 52 human islet isolations. Collagen I-V and VI were also assessed histologically. We identified a collagen digestion threshold of ≥ 60% as an independent factor beyond which an islet preparation has a ninefold increased odds of yielding ≥ 250 000 islet equivalents (IEQ) (P = 0.009) and a sixfold increased odds of being transplanted (P = 0.015). Preparations with ≥ 60% collagen digestion (n = 35) yielded 283 017 ± 164 214 IEQ versus 180 142 ± 85 397 in the less then 60% collagen digestion group (n = 17) (P = 0.016); respectively 62.9% versus 29.4% of those were transplanted (P = 0.024). Common donor characteristics, initial collagen content, enzyme blend, and digestion times were not associated with collagen digestion percentage variations. Donor age positively correlated with the amount of collagen VI (P = 0.013). There was no difference in islet graft survival between high and low digestion groups. We determined that a 60% pancreas collagen digestion is the threshold beyond which an islet isolation is likely to be successful and transplanted.The incidence and relevance of histological findings in removed allografts is unknown. In this study, we investigated the outcome of routine histopathological examination of removed allografts. We performed a retrospective cohort study in patients with kidney graft failure ≥3 months after transplantation. In this cohort, 244 allograft nephrectomies were performed. We routinely sent removed grafts for histopathological examination. In 197 cases, a pathology report was available for analysis. In 21 of the 197 grafts, gross necrosis precluded adequate interpretation. Signs of rejection were reported in 163 of the remaining 176 allografts. Recurrences of the original disease were found in 13 cases. These were all known from prior biopsies. Relevant secondary findings were present in eight cases renal cell carcinoma (n = 2), urothelial cell carcinoma, candida pyelonephritis (n = 2), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, polyomavirus inclusions, and membranous nephropathy. All conditions were diagnosed before graft nephrectomy, except for one case of papillary renal cell carcinoma of 0.8 cm. As expected, signs of acute and/or chronic rejection are the main histopathological finding in grafts that are removed after late graft failure. Unexpected secondary findings are very rare. Therefore, it is justifiable to restrict histopathological examination of removed kidney allografts to specific cases.Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) has wall teichoic acid (WTA) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) expressing the Forssman antigen (FA). Two lectins, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) and Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), are known to bind FA. To determine the molecular structure targeted by these two lectins, different pneumococcal strains were studied for DBA/HPA binding with flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Genetic experiments were used to further examine the lectins' molecular target. Twelve strains were positive for DBA binding, whereas three were negative. Super-resolution microscopy showed that DBA stained only the subcapsular area of pneumococci. The three DBA nonbinders showed no phosphorylcholine esterase (Pce) activity in vitro, whereas 10 DBA binders displayed Pce activity (the remaining two strains were DBA binders with no Pce activity in vitro). The pcegene sequence for 10 representative strains revealed two functional pce alleles, the previously recognized "allele A" and a newly discovered "allele B" (with 12 additional nucleotides). Isolates with allele B showed no Pce activity in vitro but did bind to DBA, indicating allele B Pce is functional in vivo. Genetic transfer experiments confirmed that either allele is sufficient (and necessary) for DBA binding. The three DBA nonbinders had various mutations that affected Pce function. Observations with HPA were identical to those with DBA. We show that DBA and HPA bind only to the WTA/LTA of pneumococcal isolates with a functional Pce enzyme. check details A newly discovered Pce variant (allele B) is functional in vivo but nonfunctional when assayed in vitro.
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