Notes

Chrysin improves KLF2 phrase by way of reduction of endothelial cell-derived exosomal microRNA-92a within the model of atheroprotection.
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignancy characterized by metabolic reprogramming. ABAT and ALDH6A1 are metabolic enzymes. In this study, we aim to investigate the associations of ABAT and ALDH6A1 with the malignancy of ccRCC cells. selleck METHODS The gene expression levels of ABAT and ALDH6A1 in ccRCC were analyzed from gene expression microarray datasets and RNA sequencing data. Clinical information was analyzed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. The distributions of ABAT and ALDH6A1 in ccRCC clinical tissues were screened by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) and immunohistochemical assays. The effect of overexpression of ABAT or ALDH6A1 was measured by detecting the cell viability, migration ability, and the ratio of lactate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays were carried out to investigate the transcript regulation of HNF4A in ABAT and ALDH6A1. RESULTS Remarkable downregulated ABAT and ALDH6A1 expression levels were observed in ccRCC patients and low expression of ABAT and ALDH6A1 was correlated with poor survival. Overexpression of ABAT or ALDH6A1 significantly attenuated cell proliferation and migration, and impaired lactate production. In ABAT increased ccRCC cells, the ratio of NADPH/NADP+ was reduced. Finally, we demonstrated that ABAT and ALDH6A1 were directly regulated by a tumor suppressor, HNF4A. CONCLUSIONS These observations identified HNF4A-regulated low-expressed ABAT and ALDH6A1 as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ccRCC.BACKGROUND To investigate the influence of shoulder immobilization on daily physical activity. INTRODUCTION The harmful effect of sedentary behavior does not receive much attention in orthopedic surgery even though immobilization, especially of the lower extremity, has been associated with reduced physical activity. Immobilization of the shoulder is common after reconstructive shoulder surgery and could also potentially lead to reduced physical activity and have a negative effect on a patient's general health. METHOD Twenty-one healthy volunteers were immobilized in an orthosis (DJO Ultrasling III) for 10 h on two consecutive days. In the following week, activity was measured on the same days without the orthosis. Activity including gait cycles per minute and total gait cycles per day was measured by accelerometer based step count StepWatchTMActivity Monitor. Average age was 26 +/- 3 years. A questionnaire was administered to evaluate subjective activity. RESULTS Participants wearing the shoulder orthosis were significantly less active than without immobilization by 2227.5 gait cycles/day (5501.2 with SO, 7728.7 without SO). Also, significantly more time in sedentary behavior occurred ( 1000 steps/h) were not statistically significant. Subjective limitations while wearing the orthosis were graded at 2.343 on a scale of 0-4. CONCLUSION Results of this study show that even in young, healthy volunteers immobilization of the shoulder in an orthosis for 2 days leads to significantly reduced activity levels. A negative influence on general health, especially in older patients who are immobilized for up to 6 weeks, can potentially occur. Promoting physical activity during the immobilization period should be part of rehabilitation after injuries/surgery of the shoulder. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered in DRKS (DRKS00017636).BACKGROUND Obesity, hypertension and prediabetes contribute greatly to coronary artery disease, heart failure and vascular events, and are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed societies. Salt sensitivity exacerbates endothelial dysfunction. Herein, we investigated the effect of chronic glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation on the coronary microcirculation and cardiac remodeling in Zucker rats on a high-salt diet (6% NaCl). METHODS Eight-week old Zucker lean (+/+) and obese (fa/fa) rats were treated with vehicle or liraglutide (LIRA) (0.1 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using tail-cuff method in conscious rats. Myocardial function was assessed by echocardiography. Synchrotron contrast microangiography was then used to investigate coronary arterial vessel function (vessels 50-350 µm internal diameter) in vivo in anesthetized rats. Myocardial gene and protein expression levels of vasoactive factors, inflammatory, oxidative stress and remrdial remodeling independent of changes in body mass or blood glucose.BACKGROUND Despite the uptake of parasitological testing into policy and practice, appropriate prescription of anti-malarials and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in accordance with test results is variable. This study describes a National Malaria Control Programme-led capacity building intervention which was implemented in 10 States of Nigeria. Using the experience of Niger State, this study assessed the effect on malaria diagnosis and prescription practices among febrile under-fives in rural health facilities. METHODS The multicomponent capacity building intervention consisted of revised case management manuals; cascade training from national to state level carried out at the local government area (LGA) level; and on the job capacity development through supportive supervision. The evaluation was conducted in 28, principally government-owned, health facilities in two rural LGAs of Niger State, one in which the intervention case management of malaria was implemented and the other acted as a compariy. Among RDT-negatives, no under-fives were prescribed artesunate as monotherapy. CONCLUSION In a context of significant stock-outs of both ACT medicines and RDTs, under-fives were not more appropriately managed in intervention than comparison areas. The malaria case management intervention implemented through cascade training reached only approximately half of health workers managing febrile under-fives in this setting. Implementation studies on models of cascade training are needed to define what works in what context.
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