Notes

Could neurophysiological marker pens associated with expectation and a focus anticipate Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder severity as well as neurofeedback results?
ue of surrogacy and the need for harmonization of practices across international HTA agencies.Gender-based violence (GBV) is a reproductive health issue prevalent among persons in conflict and post-conflict situations, but is largely under-reported in Nigeria. Although GBV affects both sexes, the prevalence is higher in women as compared to men. The objective of this study was to assess the experiences of female internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Nigeria during conflict and post-conflict situations. The study was conducted among IDPs in Edo State, south-south region of Nigeria. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire administered on 300 female IDPs. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted. GBV perpetrated by non-family members during conflict was experienced by 22.2% of the respondents while 13.5% experienced post-conflict violence. Up to 12.2% reported violence by intimate partners. Physical violence was commonly experienced during conflict, while sexual violence was most common post-conflict. Logistic regression analysis showed that the vulnerable categories of women were adolescents, unmarried women, women of Hausa origin, women who never attended school, and those whose displacement took place in the year prior to the study. The IDP camp appeared to offer some protection against GBV as those who had stayed in the camp longer were less likely to experience post-conflict GBV. The lack of implementation of effective laws and regulations that prevent violence against women and punish perpetuators in the country, and the ineffective security systems are some of the factors that sustain GBV. The results of this study have implications for the design of programs for the prevention of GBV during conflict and post-conflict situations.
Healthy individuals show subtle orienting bias, a phenomenon known as pseudoneglect, reflected in a tendency to direct greater attention toward one hemispace. Accumulating evidence indicates that this bias is an individual trait, and attention is preferentially directed contralaterally to the hemisphere with higher dopamine signaling. Administration of methylphenidate (MPH), a dopamine transporter inhibitor, was shown to normalize aberrant spatial attention bias in psychiatric and neurological patients, suggesting that the reduced orienting bias following administration of MPH reflects an asymmetric effect of the drug, increasing extracellular dopamine in the hemisphere with lower dopamine signaling.

We predicted that, similarly to its effect on patients with brain pathology, MPH will reduce the orienting bias in healthy subjects.

To test this hypothesis, we examined the behavioral effects of a single dose (20 mg) of MPH on orienting bias in 36 healthy subjects (18 females) in a randomized, double-blindymmetric neural effect in the healthy brain.
Completion of an advance directive (AD) document is one component of advanced care planning. We evaluated a brief intervention to enhance AD completion and assess whether the intervention effect varied according to health literacy.

A randomized controlled study was conducted in 2 internal medicine clinics. Participants were over 50, without documented AD, no diagnosis of dementia, and spoke English. Participants were screened for health literacy utilizing REALM-SF. find more Participants were randomized in a 11 ratio to the intervention, a 15-minute scripted introduction (grade 7 reading level) to our institution's AD forms (grade 11 reading level) or to the control, in which subjects were handed blank AD forms without explanation. Both groups received reminder calls at 1, 3, and 5 months. The primary outcome was AD completion at 6 months.

Five hundred twenty-nine subjects were enrolled; half were of limited and half were of adequate health literacy. The AD completion rate was 21.7% and was similar in the interve
To evaluate the colour stability of polymeric resins that could be used to 3D-print orthodontic brackets.

In vitro, laboratory study.

Disc-shaped specimens were fabricated via 3D printing using three resins Dental LT; Dental SG; and Clear. Five conditions were evaluated for each resin (n = 10 per treatment per resin) to assess its corresponding effect on colour and translucency immersion in (1) red wine, (2) coffee, (3) tea and (4) distilled water (control), and (5) exposure to accelerated aging. Colour and translucency measurements were made before and after exposure using a spectrophotometer. Mean colour differences (ΔE
) and changes in translucency parameter (ΔTP
) were calculated for each sample using the CIEDE2000 colour difference formula.

Statistically significant effects of the resin material, the treatment condition and interactions effects of material and condition were observed for ΔE
and ΔTP
(
< 0.001). The most pronounced changes in colour (ΔE
) were a result of the staining effects of wine on all three resins, ranging from 14.5 ± 0.6 to 20.8 ± 1.2. Dental LT, Dental SG and Clear resins all showed changes in colour when exposed to certain staining agents. Dental SG and Clear resins exhibited changes in colour with aging, while the colour of Dental LT resin remained stable with aging.

The colour changes of the resins investigated does not support their use in 3D-printed aesthetic bracket applications.
The colour changes of the resins investigated does not support their use in 3D-printed aesthetic bracket applications.
Advances in medical imaging and interventional procedures have been associated with increased exposure to ionizing radiation. Thus, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) established uniform safety standards to protect the general public against the dangers arising from ionizing radiations. In Europe, the ICRP standards are listed in the European Directive 2013/59/EURATOM, which should be transposed into national legislation by member states. They require that the administered dose must be part of the radiological report and identify the practitioners' responsibilities in justifying and optimizing the dose and correctly informing the patient.Despite these indications, the literature lacks information about the dose from fluoroscopically inserted dialysis tunneled central venous catheters (td-CVC). This study aimed to quantify the effective dose and organ dose to relevant organs in td-CVC to comply with the EU statements.

We revised fluoroscopically-guided procedures of td-CVC insertion, considering dose per area product, fluoroscopic time, effective dose, organ dose, and anatomical district.
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