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Risk-free medical tracheostomy throughout people together with COVID-19: crucial clinical factors.
Four new species of braconid parasitoids of the subfamily Euphorinae (Braconidae) from South Korea are described and illustrated, Centistes (Centistes) ahni sp. nov., Leiophron (Leiophron) pubiscutum sp. nov., Perilitus koreanus sp. nov. and Peristenus brunigaster sp. nov.Chewing lice of the Oxylipeurus-complex known from China are described and illustrated. The genera Megalipeurus Kéler, 1958 and Reticulipeurus Kéler, 1958 are considered valid, resurrected from synonymy and redescribed. Two new genera are described Cataphractomimus new genus and Sinolipeurus new genus, which are proposed for species that do not fit into any previously described genus within the Oxylipeurus-complex. The following species are redescribed and illustrated Reticulipeurus mesopelios (Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866); Reticulipeurus robustus (Rudow, 1869); Reticulipeurus reevesi (Clay, 1938); Reticulipeurus baileyi (Clay, 1938); Reticulipeurus crossoptilon (Clay, 1938); Reticulipeurus ithaginis (Clay, 1938); Sinolipeurus tetraophasis (Clay, 1938) new combination. Several species previously placed in the genus Oxylipeurus are given new generic combinations. In addition, the following five new species are described and illustrated Megalipeurus sinensis new species ex Arborophila gingica (Gmelin, 1789); Cataphractomimus mirapelta new species ex Lophophorus lhuysii Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1866; Cataphractomimus impervius new species ex Lophophorus sclateri sclateri Jerdon, 1870; Cataphractomimus junae new species and Sinolipeurus sichuanensis new species ex Tragopan temminckii (J.E. Gray, 1831).The genus Hypolepida Britton, 1978 (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Melolonthinae Melolonthini), is reviewed and a second species, H. braes new species, is described and differentiated from H. wilsoni Britton, 1978. Both species occur in northeastern Queensland, with the former in dry-tropical open forest and the latter in wetter areas closer to the coast.A new species of the synaphobranchid genus Atractodenchelys is described based on 31 specimens collected off Quy Nhon and Nha Trang, southern Vietnam. The new species can be distinguished from the only two congeners in the genus by having much fewer total vertebrae (155‒158, vs. 168‒172 in A. phrix and 186‒199 in A. robinsorum), a relatively long head (head length 10.1‒12.3% TL), a relatively short snout (30.0‒35.8% HL), head longer than trunk length (vs. about equal in length in both species); and 5‒6 compound teeth on vomer (vs. 7‒8 in A. robinsorum).The new subgenus Monilistylus subgen. n. is described based on imaginal and larval characters. Its type species is Procloeon (Monilistylus) monilistylus Kluge, Tiunova Novikova 2014 from the Russian Far East, known as larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing. Male larva, subimago and imago of Procloeon (Monilistylus) ornatipennis sp. n. are described based on reared specimens from Lombok (Indonesia).Due to the highly conserved morphology of its members, the taxonomy of Pareas remains contentious. Microornamentation was examined on the exposed surfaces of dorsal scales from the midbody region of five species of genus Pareas. The results showed that the ultrastructural characteristics are similar in some respects and different in others. Similarly, all species exhibit arc and pore structures, but the shape, number and arrangement of these arcs and pores differ. In particular, the microornamentation of the dorsal scales of Pareas yunnanensis, thus far regarded as a synonym of P. chinensis, is obviously different from that of P. chinensis. Thus, P. yunnanensis is revalidated. The ultrastructural characteristics of these five species of Pareas are very different from those of reported for P. carinatus. P. carinatus may not belong to the same genus as other Pareas species.A new sandy, Novaculops compressus n. sp. is described on the basis of two specimens collected from Yoron Island, Japan and Panay Island, the Philippines. The new species is characterized by IX, 12 dorsal-fin rays, III, 12 anal-fin rays, 12 or 13 pectoral-fin rays, interrupted lateral line, 12 + 5 pored lateral-line scales, 4 scale rows above lateral line, 9 scale rows below lateral line, 16 total gill rakers, snout length 11.1% of standard length (SL), orbit diameter 10.0-10.1% SL, body depth 30.9% SL, anal-fin base length 36.2-37.6% SL, first dorsal-fin spine length 6.4-7.0% SL, pectoral-fin axil black, and first two dorsal-fin membranes black. This species is sympatric with N. sciistius in Kagoshima, Japan.Miroculis Edmunds represents one of the most species-rich genera amongst Neotropical leptophlebiids comprising 25 valid species, with 18 of them reported from Brazil. Although several species have been described throughout the years, the taxonomy of Miroculis has focused mainly on male imagos, with other semaphoronts often unknown. Here, Miroculis (Miroculis) niltoi sp. nov. is described based on nymphs and imagos from Chapada Diamantina's Complex, Northeast Brazil. Male imagos of M. (M.) niltoi sp. nov. can be distinguished by the styliger plate being medially cleft with a well-sclerotized ventrally-directed process at the posteromedial margin, while female imagos can be distinguished by the egg guide being well-developed, reaching sternum IX, and sternum IX about as long as wide, with a shallow apical cleft. PF-00835231 Together with Miroculis (Miroculis) samba Costa, Almeida Salles and Miroculis (Miroculis) wolverine Costa, Almeida Salles, M. (M.) niltoi sp. nov. represents species within Miroculis with male imago exhibiting both extremely long penes and styliger plate. Now, Miroculis comprises 26 valid species, with 19 of them reported from Brazil.Myanmar, a biodiversity hotspot, harbors a striking diversity and endemism of species. Despite this, its herpetofauna remains one of the least explored in continental Asia due to restrictions of crossing political boundaries and infrastructure in remote regions. Many species in adjacent China and India are hypothesized to occur in Myanmar but records are wanting. Recent fieldwork found the frogs Polypedates braueri, Nasutixalus jerdonii and Oreolalax jingdongensis there, and the latter two species represent new generic records for Myanmar. All major morphological characters of these populations match the original descriptions. In addition, our matrilineal genealogy based on DNA barcoding confirms their identities. Overall, these findings confirm that the amphibian diversity is underestimated and this has important implications for conservation. Analyses indicate that northern Myanmar is a biogeographic corridor for the Himalayas, southern China, and northeastern India.
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