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This study was designed to investigate whether preoperative embolization is a useful procedure to decrease blood loss and neurovascular complications for carotid body tumor (CBT) surgery or not.

Medical records of our tertiary care center from 2012 to 2019 were scanned for patients who underwent surgery for CBT, retrospectively. Age, gender, complaint and head and neck examination findings at the time of presentation, preoperative complete blood count parameters, imaging records (cervical magnetic resonance imaging and carotid artery angiography), Shamblin classification, tumor size, intraoperative findings, and postoperative complications were noted.

A total of 26 patients were operated due to CBT between 2012 and 2019 in our clinic; preoperative arterial embolization was performed to 15 (57.7%) patients, and 11 (42.3%) patients were operated without embolization. Youngest patient was 24 years old, while oldest was 69 years and mean age was 44.35 ± 12.73. (embolization group ages ranging between 24 andation.
Although preoperative arterial embolization is considered to attenuate the complication risk, we found that there was no significant difference among the patients with or without embolization.
Participant noncompliance, in which participants do not follow their assigned treatment protocol, has long complicated the interpretation of randomized clinical trials. No gold standard has been identified for detecting noncompliance, but in some trials participants' biomarkers can provide objective information that suggests exposure to non-study treatments. However, existing methods are limited to retrospectively detecting noncompliance at a single time point based on a single biomarker measurement. We propose a novel method that can leverage participants' full biomarker history to detect noncompliance across multiple time points. Conditional on longitudinal biomarker data, our method can estimate the probability of compliance at (1) a single time point of the trial, (2) all time points, and (3) a future time point.

Across time points, we model the biomarker as a mixture density with (latent) components corresponding to longitudinal patterns of compliance. To estimate the mixture density, we fit mixed efore accurately identify noncompliant participants. Our method can also use participants' biomarker history to predict compliance at a future time point.
Compared to existing methods that only use a single biomarker measurement, our method can account for the longitudinal correlation in the biomarker and compliance to more accurately identify noncompliant participants. Our method can also use participants' biomarker history to predict compliance at a future time point.
Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder are less likely to be physically active compared to their age-related peers. Curzerene Despite the lower levels of physical activity observed among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, it is unknown why they are predominantly inactive. Much of the research so far has focused on understanding how biological aspects influence physical activity participation. But there is little research that has examined how social and cultural components influence their physical activity participation. There is also little research that has sought the perspectives and experiences of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. In this study, 10 adolescent boys with autism spectrum disorder created a digital story, and also participated in two face-to-face interviews. The purpose of the study was to examine how individual, social, and cultural forces influenced physical activity participation. Analysis of the data highlight that bullying, challenges in community programs, and the prioritizaescents with autism spectrum disorder are not simply unmotivated. Rather, physical activity participation was shaped by wider social experiences, norms, values, and practices in which they were immersed. The findings suggest a need for directed efforts to create policies and practices which are individualized and reflective of the needs and abilities of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder to promote physical activity participation and potentially enhance physical health and wellbeing.
Youth with autism spectrum disorders are disproportionately at risk for bullying victimization compared to typically developing children and adolescents. While internalizing and externalizing mental health problems have been linked to victimization experiences, few studies have examined the longitudinal effects bullying victimization experiences may have on youth mental health outcomes. The present study investigated longitudinal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems in a sample of children with autism in middle childhood to early adolescence (aged 5 to 12 years). Findings from our study suggest that youth with autism who experienced bullying victimization (versus no victimization) were older in age, had more severe autism symptoms, and higher levels of internalizing and externalizing mental health problems at study onset. Though externalizing mental health problems at study onset (Time 1) did not relate to change in the likelihood of being bullied one year later (Time 2), eg approaches to intervention at the individual level. Moreover, our findings support the need for bullying programs that may need to focus particular attention to subgroups of youth with autism who may be most at-risk for bullying victimization such as those with more autism symptoms and those with past experiences of victimization (given the chronic nature of bullying).In 2016, the US Preventive Services Task Force concluded that there was "insufficient" ("I" statement) evidence to support universal primary care screening for autism spectrum disorder. The statement led to controversy among research and clinical communities. Although a number of papers have since been published arguing for the potential benefit of autism spectrum disorder screening, none adequately address the potential harms of autism spectrum disorder screening. This evidence gap may relate to confusion regarding how the US Preventive Services Task Force conceptualizes and evaluates potential harm. In this commentary, we explore how the US Preventive Services Task Force operationalizes harm and discuss how the potential for harm was described in the "I" statement on autism spectrum disorder screening. This information can serve as a guide for investigators working to study the benefits and harms of autism spectrum disorder screening in order to fill the research gaps cited by the US Preventive Services Task Force report.
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