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Resolution of weak aspects of SARS-CoV-2 within Malaysia utilizing meteorology as well as quality of air info.
INTRODUCTION Trajectory-based volumetric modulated arc therapy (tr-VMAT) treatment plans enable the option for noncoplanar delivery yielding steeper dose gradients and increased sparing of critical structures compared to conventional treatment plans. The addition of translational couch motion to shorten the effective source-to-axis distance (SAD) may result in improved delivery precision and an increased effective dose rate. In this work, tr-VMAT treatment plans using a noncoplanar "baseball stitch" trajectory were implemented, applied to patients presented with cranial targets, and compared to the clinical treatment plans. METHODS A treatment planning workflow was implemented (1) beamlet doses were calculated for control points defined along a baseball stitch trajectory using a collapsed-cone convolution-superposition algorithm; (2) VMAT treatment plans were optimized using the column generation approach; (3) a final dose distribution was calculated in Varian Eclipse using the analytical anisotropic algorithon of "baseball stitch" tr-VMAT treatment plans to patients presented with cranial targets demonstrated comparable plan quality to clinical treatment plans. The delivery at shortened SAD produced a fraction size dependent decrease in estimated delivery time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Root citrate exudation is thought to be important for phosphate solubilisation. Previous research has concluded that cluster-like roots benefit most from this exudation in terms of increased phosphate uptake, suggesting root structure plays an important role in citrate enhanced uptake (additional phosphate uptake due to citrate exudation). Time resolved computed tomography images of wheat root systems were used as the geometry for 3D citrate-phosphate solubilisation models. Citrate enhanced uptake was correlated with morphological measures of the root systems to determine which had the most benefit. A large variation of citrate enhanced uptake over 11 root structures was observed. Root surface area dominated absolute phosphate uptake but did not explain citrate enhanced uptake. Number of exuding root tips correlated well with citrate enhanced uptake. Root tips in close proximity could collectively exude high amounts of citrate, resulting in a delayed spike in citrate enhanced uptake. Root system architecture plays an important role in citrate enhanced uptake. Singular morphological measurements of the root systems cannot entirely explain variations in citrate enhanced uptake. Root systems with many tips would benefit greatly from citrate exudation. Quantifying citrate enhanced uptake experimentally is difficult as variations in root surface area would overwhelm citrate benefits. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Leaf area (LA), mass per area (LMA), nitrogen per unit area (Narea ) and the leaf-internal to ambient CO2 ratio (χ) are fundamental traits for plant functional ecology and vegetation modelling. We aimed to assess how their variation, within and between species, tracks environmental gradients. Measurements were made on 705 species from 116 sites within a broad north-south transect from tropical to temperate Australia. Trait responses to environment were quantified using multiple regression; within- and between-species responses were compared using analysis of covariance and trait-gradient analysis. Leaf area, the leaf economics spectrum (indexed by LMA and Narea ), and χ (from stable carbon isotope ratios) varied almost independently among species. Across sites, however, χ and LA increased with mean growing-season temperature (mGDD0 ) and decreased with vapour pressure deficit (mVPD0 ) and soil pH. LMA and Narea showed the reverse pattern. Climate responses agreed with expectations based on optimality principles. Within-species variability contributed 90% for χ, with LMA and Narea intermediate. These findings support the hypothesis that acclimation within individuals, adaptation within species, and selection among species combine to create predictable relationships between traits and environment. However, the contribution of acclimation/adaptation versus species selection differs among traits. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT) is an important and effective therapy for end-stage heart failure. Non-response to CRT is one of the main obstacles to its application in clinical practice. find more Herein, we investigated the utilization of the optimization technique using NICOM based Mobil-O-Graph device which measures several circulation parameters non-invasively. METHODS Seventy-five CRT non-responder heart failure patients with an implanted CRT device were included. Patients were randomized equally to 3 groups NICOM, echocardiographic and empirical optimization groups. After 3-months of optimization, changes in 6-minute walk test(6-MWT), cardiac output(CO), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and end-systolic volumes(LVESV) were measured. NYHA class and hospitalization for HF were also determined. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in terms of demographics, baseline characteristics. In the NICOM group, the 6-MWT, LVEF, CO and LVESV measurements showed significant improvements compared to baseline values(p 0.05). 6-MWT, CO, LVESV percentages and hospitalization for HF were significantly different between the groups(p less then 0.05). In post hoc analyzes, the percentages of the change in 6-MWT, CO, LVESV and hospitalization for HF were significantly higher in the NICOM group(p less then 0.017). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that Mobil-O-Graph device optimization according to CO measures does appear to have potential hemodynamic and clinical benefits in non-responder CRT patients. Use of Mobil-O-Graph device as an option for optimization of CRT devices can be an attractive method of improving CRT outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.With the advent of more comprehensive research into the microbiome and interactions between animals and their microbiota, new solutions can be applied to address conservation challenges such as husbandry and medical care of captive animals. Although studies on epizoic algae are relatively rare and function and role of those mainly photosynthetic organisms in the animal microbiome is not well understood, recent surveys on epizoic diatoms show that some of them exhibit traits of obligate epibionts. This study explores diatom communities on captive-born manatees from the Africarium in Wroclaw, Poland. The light and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that skin of all animals sampled was dominated by apochlorotic Tursiocola cf. ziemanii, an epizoic species described recently from Florida manatees, that reached 99,9% of the total diatom abundance. Despite using media with a wide range of salinity (0-34), the isolated Tursiocola cells did not grow, whereas the normally pigmented Planothidium sp., that was only occasionally found on the animal substratum, survived in all culture media tested.
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