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Splenic injury is common in blunt trauma. Selleck S(-)-Propranolol We sought to evaluate the injury characteristics and outcomes of BSI admitted over a 10-y period to an academic trauma center.

A retrospective review of adult blunt splenic injury patients admitted between January 2009 and September 2018.

The 423 patients meeting inclusion criteria were divided by management Observational (OBS, n = 261), splenic surgery (n = 114 including 4 splenorrhaphy patients), SAE (n = 43), and multiple treatment modalities (3 had SAE followed by surgery and 2 OBS patients underwent splenic surgery at readmission). The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle collision (47.8%). The median ISS (OBS 17, SAE 22, Surgery 34) and spleen AIS (OBS 2, SAE 3, Surgery 4) were significantly different. Complication rates (OBS 21.8%, SAE 9.3%, Surgery 45.6%) rates were significantly different, but mortality (OBS 7.3%, SAE 2.3%, Surgery 13.2%), discharge to home and readmission rates were not.Additional abdominal injuries were identified in 26.3% of the surgery group and 2.7% of OBS group. SAE rate increased from 3.0% to 28%; median spleen AIS remained 2-3. Thirty-five patients expired; 28 had severe head, chest, and/or extremity injuries (AIS ≥4).

SAE rates increased over time. Splenorrhaphy rates were low. SAE was associated with relatively low rates of mortality and complications in appropriately selected patients.
SAE rates increased over time. Splenorrhaphy rates were low. SAE was associated with relatively low rates of mortality and complications in appropriately selected patients.Anaerobic digestion (AD) of ammonia-rich swine manure (SM) with nano-bubble water (NBW) supplementation was studied in this work with the expectation of ammonia inhibition alleviation, buffering capacity promotion, and methane production enhancement. Results indicated that cumulative methane yield was elevated by 12.3-38.7% in NBW groups. Besides, the reduced methane production rate and elongated lag phase under ammonia inhibition were increased and shortened by NBW supplementation, respectively. The rapid increase of total alkalinity (TA) and partial alkalinity (PA) could be observed with NBW supplementation, as well as the rapid decline of VFA/TA, thus improved buffering capacity and alleviated ammonia inhibition. Moreover, higher level of extracellular hydrolases and coenzyme F420 could be detected in NBW groups. In conclusion, NBW with higher mobility and zeta potential (absolute value) could be a promising strategy for the alleviation of ammonia suppression during the AD of SM.This study investigated the effects of garbage enzyme (GE), pelelith (PL), and biochar (BC) on nitrogen (N) conservation, nitrogenase (Nase) and N-fixing bacteria during the composting of sewage sludge. Results showed that the addition of GE, PL, and BC reduced NH3 emissions by 40.9%, 29.3%, and 67.4%, and increased the NO3-N contents of the end compost by 161.4, 88.2, and 105.8% relative to control, respectively, thus increasing the TN content. Three additives improved Nase, cellulase, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDA) activities and the abundances of nifH gene, and the largest increase was BC, followed by PL and GE. In addition, the additives also markedly influenced the succession of N-fixing bacteria, and significantly increased the abundance of Proteobacteria during the whole process. The BC and PL additions strengthened the sensitivity of N-fixing bacteria to environmental variables, and FDA, TN, moisture content, and NO3-N significantly affected the N-fixing bacteria at genus level.This worked assessed the potential of alginate-like exopolymers (ALE) hydrogels recovered from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in removing compounds commonly present in municipal wastewater. Batch sorption experiments were performed with ALE hydrogels at different operating conditions. Results showed that ALE hydrogels can only remove phosphate, at removal efficiencies of up to 90.8% and practical loadings of 1.22 ± 0.07 mg PO43--P/g TSALE. Phosphate removal was observed even in the presence of competing ions. Moreover, neutral to acidic pH values strongly impaired the phosphate removal (28.9 ± 0.8% at pH = 6.00), while basic pH at around 8.50 was the most favourable (up to 90.8% at pH = 8.67). However, ALE hydrogels contributed to the increase in COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the bulk liquid, what suggests that ALE need to be further tailored. Therefore, this study demonstrates that ALE represent a relevant approach for the recovery of phosphates from municipal wastewater.Omega-3 produced by marine thraustochytrids has appeared as an alternative to fish oil and an eco-friendly solution to overfishing. Herein, an integrative analysis of metagenetics and high-throughput screening was used for bioprospecting marine thraustochytrids from southern Brazil mangrove and coastal seawater. All sampled environments showed biodiversity and abundance of SAR clade. Environmental samples detected with potential lipid-accumulating labyrinthulomycetes were further processed for direct plating and pollen baiting isolation. Microtiter plate system and fluorescence spectroscopy were combined for high-throughput screening of 319 isolates to accumulate lipids. Twenty isolates were selected for submerged cultivation and lipid characterization. Among them, B36 isolate, identified as Aurantiochytrium sp. by 18s rRNA sequencing, achieved the highest biomass (25.60 g/l CDW) and lipids (17.12 g/l CDW). This lipid content had a high biological value with 44.37% LC-PUFAs and 34.6% DHA, which can be used as a sustainable source in vegan, seafood-free and animal feed diets.Using lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate for the production of microbial lipids and carotenoids is still a challenge due to the poor tolerance of oleaginous yeasts to the inhibitors generated during biomass pretreatment. In this study, a strategy of adaptive laboratory evolution in hydrolysate-based medium was developed to improve the tolerance of Rhodosporidium toruloides to inhibitors present in biomass hydrolysate. The evolved strains presented better performance to grow in hydrolysate medium, with a significant reduction in their lag phases, and improved ability to accumulate lipids and produce carotenoids when compared to the wild-type starting strain. In the best cases, the lag phase was reduced by 72 h and resulted in lipid accumulation of 27.89 ± 0.80% (dry cell weight) and carotenoid production of 14.09 ± 0.12 mg/g (dry cell weight). Whole genome sequencing analysis indicated that the wild-type strain naturally contained tolerance-related genes, which provided a background that allowed the strain to evolve in biomass-derived inhibitors.
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