Notes

Norditerpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum and also Delphinium: structural significance in remedies, toxicology, and metabolic rate.
Hypochloremia associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs is likely multifactorial. Loop diuretics cause 12 sodium [Na
]chloride [Cl
] loss, whereas water retention causes a 11 [Na
][Cl
] dilution. Mathematical [Cl
] correction separates these effects on [Cl
].

We hypothesized that corrected [Cl
] (c[Cl
]) would not differ from measured [Cl
] (m[Cl
]) in dogs with controlled CHF because of loop diuretics, and dogs with refractory CHF would have higher c[Cl
] than m[Cl
], indicating relative water excess.

Seventy-one client-owned dogs with acquired heart disease, without CHF (NO-CHF), 76 with Stage C CHF and 24 with Stage D CHF.

Clinicopathological data from a previous study were retrospectively analyzed. Corrected [Cl
], m[Cl
], and differences were compared among NO-CHF, Stage C CHF, and Stage D CHF, using the formula c[Cl
] = (mid-reference range [Na
]/measured [Na
]) × m[Cl
].

Corrected [Cl
] and m[Cl
] were lower in Stage D vs Stage C and NO-CHFl- ] to antidiuretic hormone concentrations is warranted.
The aim of the present study was to develop a cross-cultural adaptation and to evaluate the validity and reliability of a Chinese version of the LiSat-11 test.

LiSat-11 was translated into Chinese according to standardized procedures. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to examine its reliability and validity, in accordance to COnsensus-based Standards for the election of health Measurements Instruments guidelines, among persons with stroke approximately 3 years after their discharge from rehabilitation. Participants completed the LiSat-11, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index (BI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). To examine the test-retest reliability, thirty of these participants completed LiSat-11 again after 2 weeks.

In total, 60 persons with stroke were recruited. The Chinese version of LiSat-11 demonstrated good internal consistency with Cronbach's alphas at 0.82. Ceiling effects were found in five of the eleven items of LiSat-11, and there was a floor effect in one item. LiSat-11 had moderate to high correlations with SF-36 with Spearman's correlation coefficient (rho) ranging from 0.44 to 0.73 (p<0.01) in a concurrent validity test, and high correlations were also found between LiSat-11 and HADS-A/D in a convergent validity test with rho=-0.63/-0.67 (p<0.01). Low correlations with NIHSS, BI and mRS were found in a divergent validity test, rho=-0.25, 0.17 and -0.26, respectively.

The current study verified that the translated Chinese version of the Life Satisfaction Checklist-11 is a reliable and valid tool for measuring the life satisfaction of persons with chronic stroke.
The current study verified that the translated Chinese version of the Life Satisfaction Checklist-11 is a reliable and valid tool for measuring the life satisfaction of persons with chronic stroke.Cognitive performance slows down with increasing age. This includes cognitive processes that are essential for the performance of a motor act, such as the slowing down in response to an external stimulus. The objective of this study was to identify aging-associated functional changes in the brain networks that are involved in the transformation of external stimuli into motor action. To investigate this topic, we employed dynamic graphs based on phase-locking of Electroencephalography signals recorded from healthy younger and older subjects while performing a simple visually-cued finger-tapping task. The network analysis yielded specific age-related network structures varying in time in the low frequencies (2-7 Hz), which are closely connected to stimulus processing, movement initiation and execution in both age groups. The networks in older subjects, however, contained several additional, particularly interhemispheric, connections and showed an overall increased coupling density. Cluster analyses revealed reduced variability of the subnetworks in older subjects, particularly during movement preparation. In younger subjects, occipital, parietal, sensorimotor and central regions were-temporally arranged in this order-heavily involved in hub nodes. Selleckchem RMC-4550 Whereas in older subjects, a hub in frontal regions preceded the noticeably delayed occurrence of sensorimotor hubs, indicating different neural information processing in older subjects. All observed changes in brain network organization, which are based on neural synchronization in the low frequencies, provide a possible neural mechanism underlying previous fMRI data, which report an overactivation, especially in the prefrontal and pre-motor areas, associated with a loss of hemispheric lateralization in older subjects.Alterations in the genome, including mutations and copy number variation (CNV), can drive cancer progression. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project studying papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) identified a number of recurrent arm-level copy number amplifications, some spanning genes that are also commonly mutated in thyroid cancer. Herein, we focus on the role of TERT and BRAF CNV in PTC, including its relation to mutation status, gene expression, and clinicopathological characteristics. Utilizing TCGA CNV data, we identified focal amplifications and deletions involving the TERT and BRAF loci. TERT amplifications are more frequent in later stage thyroid tumors; in contrast, BRAF amplifications are not associated with stage. Furthermore, TERT amplifications are more frequently found in tumors also harboring TERT mutations, the combination further increasing TERT expression. Conversely, BRAF amplifications are more frequently found in BRAF wildtype tumors, and are more common in the follicular subtype of PTC as well as classic PTCs associated with a high follicular component and a RAS-like expression profile (assessed by the BRAF/RAS score). This is the first study to examine the TCGA thyroid dataset for gene-level CNV of TERT and BRAF, and their relationship with mutation status, tumor type and tumor stage. Assessing the differences in patterns of TERT and BRAF amplifications in the context of the mutation status of these genes may provide insight into the differing roles CNV can play depending on tumor type, and may lead to a better understanding of cancer drivers in thyroid cancer.
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