Notes

Digestive tract cancer malignancy chance susceptibility loci within a Swedish populace.
, the percentage cell loss was significantly higher warranting the need for extensive intraoperative care. Increasing age was found to be the only significant risk factor influencing the ECD in short eyes.
To compare the visual outcome in terms of multifocality in Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) with and without intraoperative manipulation of corneal curvature.

This was a prospective study on 80 subjects (80 eyes) who underwent MSICS with monofocal posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation between January 2018 and October 2019. Intraoperative manipulation of corneal curvature using viscoelastics was performed during MSICS in 40 subjects (cases) while this intraoperative manipulation was not performed in the remaining 40 subjects (controls). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) were compared at day 1, 7, 30 and 180postoperatively.

At 1 month and 6 months of follow up, UDVA was comparable in the 2 groups. UNVA was better in cases than controls at 1 month and6 months (P < 0.001). At 6 months of follow up,76% of cases with UDVA of 6/9 or better had UNVA of N8 while only 15% of controls with UDVA of 6/9 or better had UNVA of N8 (P <0.001). Mean near add requirement to achieve a best corrected near vision (BCNV)of N6 at 6 months was significantly lesser (P =0.002) in cases (+2.05 D) compared to controls (+2.43D).

MSICS with intra operative manipulation of corneal curvature resulted in better unaided near visual acuity compared to that without intra operative manipulation of corneal curvature, without compromising unaided distant visual acuity.
MSICS with intra operative manipulation of corneal curvature resulted in better unaided near visual acuity compared to that without intra operative manipulation of corneal curvature, without compromising unaided distant visual acuity.
The objective of this study was to evaluate an OPD-based Lying down looking down (LDLD) test for the assessment of patient suitability for assisted topical anesthesia (ATA) during manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS), and to compare it with assisted local anesthesia (ALA).

The LDLD test was carried out during preoperative assessment of 250 consecutive patients. A standard LED torch was shined in patient's eye after pupil dilation, with the patient in lying down position, while simultaneously elevating the upper eyelid digitally. A positive test was indicated by the ability to maintain downward gaze and the lack of squeezing of eyes or withdrawal. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the association between LDLD results and suitability for ATA. The positive predictive value and specificity of the test as an indicator of patient suitability for ATA were calculated. Complications (intra- and post-operative) and postoperative inflammation at day 1 and week 6 were compared between the ATA and ALA groups.

A total of 250 patients were included in the study, 138 in ALA group and 112 in ATA group. There were 109 males (43.6%) and 141 females (56.4%). Around 7.4% of LDLD- positive patients were converted to ALA during the surgery. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests demonstrated a significant association of a positive LDLD test with successful ATA (P value 0.002). The positive predictive value and specificity of the test were 92.56% (95% CI86.87-95.9%) and 93.48% (95% CI87.98-96.97%), respectively. Intraoperative complications were similar in both the groups. see more Congestion and visually significant corneal edema were significantly less in ATA group.

The LDLD is a simple, highly specific, OPD-based test to determine patient suitability for MSICS under ATA.
The LDLD is a simple, highly specific, OPD-based test to determine patient suitability for MSICS under ATA.
Congenital corneal anesthesia (CCA) is a rare clinical entity that poses a diagnostic dilemma, particularly in the pediatric age group with very little literature on this. Accurate initial diagnosis, evaluation, early identification of risk factors, aggressive systemic workup, and appropriate therapy are paramount to prevent visual loss due to long-term complications of corneal anesthesia. The purpose of the study was to estimate and compare the corneal neural architecture using real time, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in patients with CCA as against a control population.

This was a retrospective nonconsecutive, comparative clinical case series in a tertiary hospital in South India from June 2015 to December 2018.

IVCM was accomplished in cooperative children in whom central cornea was relatively clear. The clearest three to five images from each eye were selected, and the nerves were analyzed for length, thickness, density, dichotomous pattern, and beading. Statistical analysis was done using Origin v7.0 (Origin Lab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA).

In total, 15 eyes of 11 cases and 20 eyes of 10 controls were imaged. Measurements on corneal nerve density showed a significant difference (P = 0.0005), cases having a lower mean (3.85 ± 1.38 mm per mm
) compared to the controls (6.74 ± 1.75 mm per mm
). Measurements on corneal nerve length (P = 0.28), thickness (P = 0.45), and presence of beading (P = 0.97) and dichotomous pattern (P = 0.07) did not reveal a significant difference between cases and controls.

There is a strong relationship between the functional loss (absent corneal sensation) and anatomical decrease (reduced subbasal nerve density) of corneal nerves in congenital corneal anaesthesia.
There is a strong relationship between the functional loss (absent corneal sensation) and anatomical decrease (reduced subbasal nerve density) of corneal nerves in congenital corneal anaesthesia.
To compare the efficacy and safety of Alcaftadine 0.25%, Olopatadine hydrochloride 0.2%, and Bepotastine besilate 1.5% ophthalmic solutions in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

This is a prospective, observer-masked, comparative study of 180 patients with mild to moderate allergic conjunctivitis, randomized into three groups of 60 patients each. Each group was assigned to be treated with one of the three treatment options namely Alcaftadine 0.25%, Olopatadine hydrochloride 0.2% and Bepotastine besilate 1.5% ophthalmic solutions. Patients were followed-up at regular intervals with relief and resolution of symptoms and signs noted using Total Ocular Scoring System (TOSS) and hyperaemia scale.

All three topical medications were effective in resolving symptoms of the patients with mild to moderate allergic conjunctivitis. Baseline mean TOSS scores for Alcaftadine group, Olopatadine group and Bepotastine besilate group were (7.68±2.32), (7.65±2.32) and (7.45±2.27) respectively as compared to the corresponding TOSS scores on 14
Day (4
visit) which were (0.
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