Notes

Elements linked to post-traumatic development in man patients with anus cancer: The cross-sectional examine.
2, the
value is 0.007. The difference is statistically significant at
< 0.05. Postmenopausal women were more likely to expire due to COVID-19 infection compared to premenopausal women.

The mortality rate in postmenopausal age group was greater than mortality in premenopausal females emphasizing the protection provided by estrogens hormone in them. Postmenopausal women are also at higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection than premenopausal women. Mortality is greater in males compared to females, further strengthening the role of estrogens.
The mortality rate in postmenopausal age group was greater than mortality in premenopausal females emphasizing the protection provided by estrogens hormone in them. Postmenopausal women are also at higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection than premenopausal women. Mortality is greater in males compared to females, further strengthening the role of estrogens.
COVID-19 has shown a definite association with gender, a predilection for males in terms of morbidity and mortality. The indirect evidence of the protective effect of estrogen has been shown by Channappanavar, in the animal model and Ding T. in a multihospital study from China, suggesting menopause as independent risk factor and estrogen is negatively correlated with severity.

Study the clinical profile and outcomes in premenopausal and menopausal. Covid-19-infected women and analyzed the effect of menstrual status on the outcome.

A retrospective cohort study conducted on 147 mild and moderate category COVID-19 females admitted between May and August 2020 using hospital records and telephonic follow-up. selleck compound Two groups formed based on menstrual status group-1 (premenopausal/estrogenic) and Group-2 (menopausal/hypoestrogenic). Hospital stay duration was considered as primary, while the category of disease on admission, clinical course, the requirement of oxygen, and mortality and residual symptoms were taken as a secondary outcome to compare the groups.

Overall Group-1 had significantly more of mild disease, while Group-2 had moderate cases (39 [76.5%] vs. 14 [14.6%]
< 0.01). Menopausal group has significantly more requirement of oxygen (32 [62.7%] vs. 20 [20.8%]), ventilation (14 [27.5%] vs. 1 [1%]) progression-to-severe disease (23.5% vs. 7.3%) and prolonged hospital stay ([14.1 ± 8.9 vs. 8.6 ± 3.9 days]
< 0.01). However, multivariate logistic regression failed to show a significant association between hospital stay and progression with menopause. Ferritin and residual symptoms found significantly higher in menopausal.

No definite association was found between menopause and COVID-19 outcome with hospital stay duration or disease progression in our study.
No definite association was found between menopause and COVID-19 outcome with hospital stay duration or disease progression in our study.
Human Papilloma-Virus infection is the major event for cervical carcinogenesis, whereas host physiological changes may confer individual susceptibility and prognosis. So here, we aimed to compare serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) between cervical cancer patients and healthy controls.

In the present study, we enrolled 168 subjects (10 CIN I, 10 CIN II, 10 CIN III, and 54 invasive cervical cancers with 84 age-matched healthy controls). Serum levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The levels of serum MMP-2 showed a characteristic pattern of increasing trend with statistically significant
value on comparing pre-invasive lesions and cervical cancer versus healthy controls. However, IL-18 levels showed a decreasing trend in serum levels of controls versus cases with a statistically significant
value (
< 0.05).

MMP-2 accentuates tissue damage and controls many interleukins secretion, which leads invasion and malignancy. Increased levels of MMP-2 and decreased circulating levels of IL-18 were found in cases. Hence, we raise an issue to study MMP-2 and IL-18 further for their diagnostic and prognostic marker role.
MMP-2 accentuates tissue damage and controls many interleukins secretion, which leads invasion and malignancy. Increased levels of MMP-2 and decreased circulating levels of IL-18 were found in cases. Hence, we raise an issue to study MMP-2 and IL-18 further for their diagnostic and prognostic marker role.
The objective of this study is to determine the clinical predictors of unsatisfactory Pap smears.

This was a case-control study done in a tertiary care institute. All unsatisfactory conventional pap (CP) smears between January 2015 and June 2017 were retrieved, and the slides were viewed. Clinical details were recorded from request forms and case files. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify the predictors of unsatisfactory CP smears.

In this study, we have included 314 unsatisfactory Pap smears and 541 controls with satisfactory Pap smears. Clinical parameters such as older age and cervical erosion proved to be important predictors of unsatisfactory pap smears. The most common reason for unsatisfactory pap smears was due to a paucity of epithelial elements (66.6%), followed by obscuration of smear details by blood/inflammatory cells/mucus (9.9%) and air drying artifacts (4.4%). There were multiple reasons in 19.1% of cases with unsatisfactory pap smears.

Our study shows that older age groups and cervical erosion are predictors of unsatisfactory pap smears. Incidence of unsatisfactory pap smears can be reduced by education and retraining of health-care workers and doctors.
Our study shows that older age groups and cervical erosion are predictors of unsatisfactory pap smears. Incidence of unsatisfactory pap smears can be reduced by education and retraining of health-care workers and doctors.
Postmenopausal women are at highest risk of developing osteoporosis, since their bone mineral density is reduced due to decrease in estrogen level. Various other physiological, emotional, and psychological changes jeopardize the health of these vulnerable females in total and reduce their quality of life (QoL).

To compare the QoL and bone mass density (BMD) among normal BMD, osteopenic, and osteoporotic postmenopausal women.

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the outpatient department of physical medicine and rehabilitation at a tertiary care center of northern India from August 2019 to February 2020.

Baseline sociodemographic characteristics of all postmenopausal women were collected using a quantitative tool. Assessment of QoL was done by pretested and validated QUALEFFO-41 scale. For all the women, a bone mineral densitometry test was performed on the L1-L4 lumbar spine, femoral neck, and forearm by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method.

One-way ANOVA test was used to compare the mean BMD values across the three groups.
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