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Goal look at zoom lens visibility soon after vitrectomy medical procedures with some other intravitreal tamponades.
In the primitive era, humans benefited partially from plants and metals to treat microbial infections. Later these infections were cured with antibiotics but further suffered from resistance issues. In searching of an alternative, researchers developed an adjuvant therapy but were hampered by spreading resistance. Subsequently, nanoparticles (NPs) were proposed to cease the multi-drug resistant bacteria but were hindered due to toxicity issues. Recently, a novel adjuvant therapy employed metals and botanicals into innovative nanotechnology as nano-antibiotics. The combination of green synthesized metallic NPs with antibiotics seems to be a viable platform to combat against MDR bacteria by alleviating resistance and toxicity. This review focuses on the primitive to present era dealings with bacterial resistance mechanisms, newer innovations of nanotechnology and their multiple mechanisms to combat resistance. In addition, special focus is paid on greener NPs as antibiotic carriers, and their future prospects of controlled release and toxicity study. © 2019 Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. Published by Elsevier B.V.Oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family have been introduced into the clinic to treat human malignancies for decades. Despite superior properties of EGFR-TKIs as small molecule targeted drugs, their applications are still restricted due to their low solubility, capricious oral bioavailability, large requirement of daily dose, high binding tendency to plasma albumin and initial/acquired drug resistance. Nanotechnology is a promising tool to improve efficacy of these drugs. Through non-oral routes. Various nanotechnology-based delivery approaches have been developed for providing efficient delivery of EGFR-TKIs with a better pharmacokinetic profile and tissue-targeting ability. This review aims to indicate the advantage of nanocarriers for EGFR-TKIs delivery. © 2019 Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. Published by Elsevier B.V.Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which there is an insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas, or the insulin produced is unable to be utilized effectively by the body. Diabetes affects more than 415 million people globally and is estimated to strike about 642 million people in 2040. The WHO reported that diabetes will become the seventh biggest cause of mortality in 2030. Insulin injection and oral hypoglycemic agents remain the primary treatments in diabetes management. These often present with poor patient compliance. However, over the last decade, transdermal systems in diabetes management have gained increasing attention and emerged as a potential hope in diabetes management owing to the advantages that they offer as compared to invasive injection and oral dosage forms. This review presents the recent advances and developments in transdermal research to achieve better diabetes management. Different technologies and approaches have been explored and applied to the transdermal systems to optimize diabetes management. Studies have shown that these transdermal systems demonstrate higher bioavailability compared to oral administration due to the avoidance of first-pass hepatic metabolism and a sustained drug release pattern. Besides that, transdermal systems have the advantage of reducing dosing frequency as drugs are released at a predetermined rate and control blood glucose level over a prolonged time, contributing to better patient compliance. In summary, the transdermal system is a field worth exploring due to its significant advantages over oral route in administration of antidiabetic drugs and biosensing of blood glucose level to ensure better clinical outcomes in diabetes management. © 2019 Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. Published by Elsevier B.V.Albumin has been widely applied for rational design of drug delivery complexes as natural carriers in cancer therapy due to its distinct advantages of biocompatibility, abundance, low toxicity and versatile property. Hence, various types of multifunctional albumin-based nanoplatforms (MAlb-NPs) that adopt multiple imaging and therapeutic techniques have been developed for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Stimuli-responsive release, including reduction-sensitive, pH-responsive, concentration-dependent and photodynamic-triggered, is important to achieve low-toxicity cancer therapy. Several types of imaging techniques can synergistically improve the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Therefore, combinational theranostic is considered to be a prospective strategy to improve treatment efficiency, minimize side effects and reduce drug resistance, which has received tremendous attentions in recent years. In this review, we highlight several stimuli-responsive albumin nanoplatforms for combinational theranostic. © 2019 Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. Published by Elsevier B.V.We assessed the Swiss-German version of GraphoLearn, a computer game designed to support reading by training grapheme-phoneme correspondences. A group of 34 children at risk for dyslexia trained three times a week during 14 weeks, on top of their standard school instruction. The sample was divided into two groups of 18 and 16 children, who started training at either the middle or the end of first grade. We found beneficial training effects in pseudoword reading in both training groups and for rapid automatized naming skills in the group that trained earlier. Our results suggest that both the efficiency in phonological decoding and rapid access to verbal representations are susceptible to facilitation by GraphoLearn. These findings confirm the utility of the training software as a tool to support school instruction and reading-related abilities in beginning readers. We discuss ideas to improve the content and outcomes of future versions of the training software. © The Author(s) 2020.Background Results of previous studies regarding the relationship between blood urate level and diabetes are conflicting. The aim of this study was to clarify the relations of urate with glycemic status and metabolic syndrome in a general population and in patients with diabetes. Methods The participants were 12,528 men receiving health-checkup examinations (29-70 years old) and they were divided into four quartile groups for serum urate levels. AZD5582 Relationships of urate with metabolic syndrome and its components were investigated after adjustment for age and lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol drinking and regular exercise. Results In the overall participants and the participants with diabetes (n = 802), hemoglobin A1c levels were significantly lower in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles for urate than in the 1st quartile and the levels tended to be lower with an increase in the quartile. In the overall participants, the adjusted odds ratios for diabetes vs. the 1st quartile of urate were significantly lower in the 2nd quartile (0.
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