Notes

Dereplication regarding phenolic types involving 3 Erythroxylum varieties utilizing water chromatography in conjunction with ESI-MSn along with HRESIMS.
A complementary description of Panonychus caricae Hatzinikolis, 1984, is presented based on the morphology of adult female and male individuals collected from fig trees (Ficus sp., Moraceae) in Greece. Morphological differences between Panonychus caricae and two closely related species, Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836) and Panonychus hadzhibejliae (Reck, 1947), are discussed. Panonychus caricae can be separated from two other Panonychus species using the length of the female dorsal setae in combination with the ratio between the length of female dorsal opisthosomal setae f2 and h1, and the ratio between the length of dorsal setae sc1 and h1. A phylogenetic maximum likelihood tree was constructed based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 10 species of the subgenus Panonychus s.str. (including the re-described species P. caricae) and the only two species of the subgenus Sasanychus. The phylogenetic tree indicates that these 12 species are clearly separated from each other. The two subgenera, Panonychus s.str. and Sasanychus, comprise strongly supported monophyletic clades with 98% bootstrap values. The convergence of molecular and morphological data (dorsal setae set on tubercles or not, number of tactile setae on tibiae I and II, and patterns of the dorsocentral striae) suggests that Sasanychus should not be classified under the genus Panonychus. Consequently, molecular and morphological evidence supports the resurrection of the genus Sasanychus, which contains two species, S. akitanus (Ehara) and S. pusillus Ehara Gotoh, as distinct from Panonychus. A key to the world species of Panonychus and Sasanychus is also provided.We report recent findings of Isthmohyla pictipes (Cope, 1875) in the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica, roughly two decades after it was last registered. We provide notes on microhabitat use, color variation, external morphology of adults and larvae, and geographic variation, and discuss some taxonomic characters employed to differentiate I. pictipes from I. tica (Starrett, 1966) and I. xanthosticta (Duellman, 1968). We also report fluorescence on the ventral surfaces of I. pictipes. Our findings are expected to shed light on the taxonomy of this species and should be useful in further population assessments and conservation plans.Eight new species of Duplominona (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata, Monocelididae) are described from the Pacific coast of Panama. They differ from their congeners in the detailed morphology of hard structures associated with the copulatory organ. Duplominona basidilatata n. sp. has a cirrus provided with 5-6 rows of triangular spines, 3-8 μm long, with a large, flat, poorly sclerotized basis. D. hystricina n. sp. has 10-12 rows of needle-shaped spines, 3.5-15 μm long, with a swollen basis. The cirrus of D. hyperhystricina n. sp. is provided with 20-25 rows of slender spines 1.5-9 μm long, with a recurved distal tip. In D. veracruzensis n. sp., cirrus spines increase abruptly in size, from 1.5-2 μm to 6-7 μm. D. uniserta n. sp. has a very long seminal vesicle and a small cirrus, provided with one girdle of hook-shaped spines, 3-5 μm long. D. macrodon n. sp. has one girdle of large, triangular spines, 8-18 μm long. Both D. trimera n. sp. and D. pseudotrimera n. sp. have a tripartite tail, and their cirrus is provided with a stylet. In D. trimera n. sp., the stylet is surrounded by 15-20 rows of spines, 6.5-10 μm long, while D. pseudotrimera n. sp. has 6-8 rows of large spines, 7-22 μm long. D. uniserta n. sp. and D. aduncospina Curini-Galletti, 2019 from the Caribbean coast of Panama have few rows of morphologically nearly identical spines, and are possible candidates as trans-isthmian geminate species. The presence of species with a tripartite tail on both sides of the Isthmus of Panama suggests the possibility of further geminate species pairs; however, no support could be obtained on the basis of the morphology of their hard structures. Five of the eight new species of Duplominona have been found in a single locality, and the diversity of genus along the Pacific coast of Panama may be far higher than present contribution suggests.The known cicada fauna of Suriname is identified. Zammara guyanensis n. sp., and Proarna proximorubrovenosa n. sp. are described as new. Selleckchem MZ-101 The taxa Zammara eximia Erichson, 1848, Cicada thalassina Germar, 1830, Cicadetta surinamensis (Kirkaldy, 1909), Cicada collaris Degeer, 1773 and Cicada melanoptera Gmelin, 1789 (=Cicada marginata Degeer, 1773) are reassigned to become Zammaralna eximia (Erichson, 1848) n. comb., Hyantia thalassina (Germar, 1830) n. comb., Taphura surinamensis (Kirkaldy, 1909) n. comb., Alocha collaris (Degeer, 1773) n. comb. (Cicadellidae Cicadellinae Cicadellini), and Homalodisca melaoptera (Gmelin, 1789) n. comb. (Cicadellidae Cicadellinae Proconiini), respectively. The first records of Fidicina christinae Boulard Martinelli, 1996, Guyalna bicolor (Olivier, 1790), and Majeorona truncata Goding, 1925 are provided. Included are the first Suriname records for the genera Guyalna Boulard Martinelli, 1996, Majeorona Distant, 1905c, and Hyantia Stål, 1866. The taxon Neotibicen tibicen tibicen (Linnaeus, 1758) is removed from the fauna of Suriname with references to this taxon considered misidentifications of Fidicina mannifera (Fabricius, 1803). Cicada collaris Degeer, 1773, and Cicada melanoptera Gmelin, 1789 (=Cicada marginata Degeer, 1773) are reassigned to the Cicadellidae and also removed from the cicada faunal list. The currently known cicada fauna of Suriname is comprised of 15 species from nine genera, three tribes and two subfamilies. The known cicada fauna diversity is increased 50% with this work.We review eighteen species of Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera Nepticuloidea) from Asia and describe eleven new species from Central Asia and the western Himalaya Stigmella ziziphifolia Rocienė Stonis, sp. nov., S. damocles Remeikis, sp. nov., S. pyramidata Diškus Navickaitė, sp. nov., S. alilediella Diškus Navickaitė, sp. nov., S. longa Remeikis Stonis, sp. nov., S. latilobata Diškus Navickaitė, sp. nov., S. paniculata Diškus Navickaitė, sp. nov., Ectoedemia orbiculata Diškus, Remeikis Stonis, sp. nov., Acalyptris brunipexus Stonis, Diškus Remeikis, sp. nov., A. noctilucus Rocienė Stonis, sp. nov., and A. nasutus Diškus Navickaitė, sp. nov. The new taxa are illustrated with photographs of the adults, their genitalia, and, if available, leaf mines. We also provide the first photographic documentation of adults and male genitalia of some Asiatic species. We synonymize E. petrosa Puplesis with E. spinosella (de Joannis), and E. rosiphila Puplesis with E. ingloria Puplesis.
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