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What exactly is Perfect Variation?
72-0.83). When applying FI cut-offs between 0.15 and 0.35, the accuracy of this FI for predicting mortality was moderate (AUC range 0.61-0.76). Overall, the predictive accuracy of the FI was higher in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS The FI operationalized in the InCHIANTI study is a good instrument to grade the risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. More measurement properties, such as the responsiveness of this FI when used as outcome measure, should be investigated in future research.BACKGROUND Aging is associated with a decrease in muscle mass and strength in swallowing muscles, as well as in whole-body muscles. A decrease in tongue pressure (TP) is related with whole-body function, and the trunk, including abdominal and back muscles, forms the core of the body. However, the direct relationship between TP and trunk muscle strength remains unclear. AIMS To clarify the association between back muscle strength, an indicator of trunk muscle strength, and TP in healthy elderly individuals. METHODS In all, 112 healthy community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 60 years (men 35, median age 74.0; women 77, median age 69.0) were included. Body mass index (BMI), TP, and back muscle strength (BMS) were measured. Tooth loss pattern was evaluated by the Eichner classification. Participants were divided into two groups based on the median of the BMS and classified into three groups based on the Eichner index (Eichner A, B, and C). The effects of BMS and occlusal support on TP were analyzed. RESULTS In the low BMS group, there was a significant difference in TP between the Eichner B and Eichner C (p = 0.017) groups. However, in the high BMS group, occlusal support did not affect TP. Moreover, the explanatory factors for TP were BMS (β = 0.373, p = 0.001) and the Eichner index (β = 0.190, p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS TP was correlated more with BMS than aging and occlusal support in healthy elderly individuals. This study indicated that the clinical evaluation of the whole body is important when assessing oral and swallowing function.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder partly induced by dysregulation of different brain regions. check details Prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysregulation has been reported to associate with mental symptoms such as delusion, apathy, and depression in AD patients. However, the internal mechanisms have not yet been well-understood. This study aims to identify the potential therapeutic target genes and related pathways in PFC of AD. First, differential expression analyses were performed on transcriptome microarray of PFC between AD specimens and non-AD controls. Second, protein-protein interaction networks were constructed based on the identified differentially expressed genes to explore candidate therapeutic target genes. Finally, these candidate genes were validated through biological experiments. The enrichment analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in protein functions and pathways related to AD. Furthermore, the top ten hub genes in the protein-protein interaction network (ELAVL1, CUL3, MAPK6, FBXW11, YWHAE, YWHAZ, GRB2, CLTC, YWHAQ, and PDHA1) were proved to be directly or indirectly related to AD. Besides, six genes (PDHA1, CLTC, YWHAE, MAPK6, YWHAZ, and GRB2) of which were validated to significantly altered in AD mice by biological experiments. Importantly, the most significantly changed gene, PDHA1, was proposed for the first time that may be serve as a target gene in AD treatment. In summary, several genes and pathways that play critical roles in PFC of AD patients have been uncovered, which will provide novel insights on molecular targets for treatment and diagnostic biomarkers of AD.Parkinson's disease (PD) is another major neurodegenerative disorder following Alzheimer's disease, which not only seriously reduces the survival in patients, affecting patient's quality of life, but also imposes a tremendous burden on families and even the whole society. It is urgent to find out effective drugs without side effects. The present study applied a creative approach called network pharmacology to explore the active compounds and therapeutic targets of Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction (SYGCD) for treating PD. We identified a total of 48 active compounds mediating 30 PD-related targets to exert synergism, and the same target can be enriched in multiple signal pathways and biological processes, expounding that the decoction can exert synergistic effect on PD by multi-targets and multi-pathways. Furthermore, the molecular docking analysis showed that active compounds and targets can be well combined. These results highlighted the molecular mechanisms underlying the efficiency of SYGCD for PD treatment at a systematic level, investigating thoroughly the innovative therapeutic tactics for PD in traditional Chinese medicine.INTRODUCTION This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of a video-based lifestyle education program (VBLEP) in improving glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with usual care. METHODS Patients on stable oral glucose-lowering agents for at least 3 months and HbA1c 7.5-10% were randomized in a 11 ratio. Primary outcome measure was the difference in change in mean HbA1c between groups. RESULTS The participants (n = 81) had mean (± SD) age of 50.1 (± 9.4) years and HbA1c of 8.5 ± 0.7% (68.87 ± 7.56 mmol/mol). The follow-up data were available in 96% (78/81) of participants. Of 40 participants, 36 (90%) attended ≥ 75% (≥ 3 out of 4) of the sessions in the VBLEP. In the intention-to-treat analysis, a significant reduction [0.6% 95% CI (0.1, 1.1), p = 0.013] in HbA1c was seen in the VBLEP group compared with usual care. A ≥ 1% reduction in HbA1c was observed in 39.5% of participants in the VBLEP compared with 15% in the usual care arm. However, a ≥ 0.5% reduction in HbA1c was observed in 65.8% of participants in the VBLEP compared with 37.5% in the usual care arm (p = 0.012). There was a significant change in weight and body mass index in the VBLEP group compared with usual care. The participants who were employed, had a family history of diabetes, had no diabetes-related complications, and were in the VBLEP group had higher odds of having a favorable HbA1c reduction (≥ 0.5%, combined analysis both groups) from baseline. CONCLUSION The VBLEP demonstrated a significant and clinically relevant HbA1c reduction compared with usual care. A simple VBLEP, when delivered in an interactive manner, can aid in improving glycemic outcomes in the Indian population. TRIAL REGISTRATION CTRI/2017/05/008564.
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