Notes

Dual Growth and development of Affective-Speech-Based Emotion Belief.
Root coverage of gingival recessions in the anterior mandible has limited predictability. Mandibular incisors often offers a thin phenotype, a lack of keratinized tissue and moreover a shallow vestibule with high labial frenum attachment. These conditions induce tensions on the surgical site in conventional coronally advanced flap (CAF) procedures and may compromise the complete root coverage. The purpose of this case report is to present a novel surgical technique for deep labial recessions on mandibular incisors, based on a modified tunnel technique with subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG) in combination with simultaneous frenuloplasty.

A 20-year-old female patient was referred to the office for treatment of an isolated RT1 in Cairo classification buccal recession on #24 with a shallow vestibule. selleckchem The design of the recipient site consisted of a full-thickness modified tunnel preparation extending 4 mm bilaterally to the recession and beyond the crestal bone. A CTG was harvested from the palate and properly adapted to the root surface. The graft and flap were secured with single-interrupted sutures and double-crossed sutures to achieve complete root coverage. Frenuloplasty was then performed with a single incision in the bottom of the vestibule and careful sectioning of frenum fibers to release vestibular tensions. Complete root coverage was maintained at 5 years with completely satisfactory esthetic outcomes.

Treatment of single deep mandibular anterior recessions with a combined tunneled CTG approach in addition to frenuloplasty appears to lead to complete long-term root coverage in one surgery with lasting esthetics results.
Treatment of single deep mandibular anterior recessions with a combined tunneled CTG approach in addition to frenuloplasty appears to lead to complete long-term root coverage in one surgery with lasting esthetics results.Several epidemiological studies have suggested a link between air pollution and respiratory tract infections. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a great threat to public health worldwide. However, some parts of the globe have been worse affected in terms of prevalence and deaths than others. The causes and conditions of such variations have yet to be explored. Although some studies indicated a possible correlation between air pollution and COVID-19 severity, there is yet insufficient data for a meaningful answer. This review summarizes the impact of air pollution on COVID-19 infections and severity and discusses the possible management strategies and challenges involved. The available literature investigating the correlation between air pollution and COVID-19 infections and mortality are included in the review. The studies reviewed here suggest that exposure to air pollution, particularly to PM2.5 and NO2 , is positively correlated with COVID-19 infections and mortality. Some data indicate that air pollution can play an important role in the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. A high percentage of COVID-19 incidences has been reported in the most polluted areas, where patients needed hospital admission. The available data also show that both short-term and long-term air pollution may enhance COVID-19 severity. However, most of the studies that showed a link between air pollution and COVID-19 infections and mortality did not consider potential confounders during the correlation analysis. Therefore, more specific studies need to be performed focusing on some additional confounders such as individual age, population density, and pre-existing comorbidities to determine the impact of air pollution on COVID-19 infections and deaths. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;001-9. © 2021 SETAC.Despite marked improvements in the survival of extremely low birth weight preterm infants, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a prevalent morbidity. BPD has evolved pathologically and epidemiologically but the definition has failed to keep up. The majority of the definitions of BPD still use the respiratory support provided to the infants at a single timepoint. The lack of a uniform definition of BPD presently reflects the changing BPD pathogenesis and phenotype and limits defining the epidemiology. To address the epidemiology of BPD, the definition should be clarified; even the newer definitions have not been validated entirely. The definition needs to be meaningful clinically and be predictive of long-term respiratory outcomes. We believe the definition should have a composite assessment like a score (quantitative measurement) and include the different phenotypes (qualitative measurements) so that optimally they can be applied to the different phases of BPD and at different timepoints. Furthermore, the definitions need to be easy to measure and assess so that generalizability is enhanced.The development of modulator therapy has, for the first time, allowed direct targeting of the underlying cause of cystic fibrosis (CF), the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Patients treated with CFTR modulators have improvement in lung function and decreased rates of pulmonary exacerbations. In 2019, elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor was approved for use in the United States, opening these therapies to 90% of patients with CF. Intolerable adverse drug reactions to CFTR modulators results in discontinuation of therapy, which can be devastating to our patients. We describe our approach to two cases, not previously reported, of rash to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in patients with a previous history of cutaneous adverse reactions to dual modulator therapy that had been addressed by desensitization. Case 1 was able to tolerate elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor after desensitization to the triple combination therapy, while in Case 2 tolerance was obtained by treating through the reaction. The loss of tolerance in these patients was unexpected, and may be a common finding in patients with history of cutaneous adverse reactions to these drugs. We hope reporting our experience, including our desensitization protocol, may benefit CF patients for whom these drug reactions may be limiting access to powerful disease altering therapies.
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