Notes

Traumatic and Spontaneous Vertebral Artery Dissections: An Investigation regarding Tertiary-Center 310 Affected person Cohort.
Spinal manipulative therapy is commonly used in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Some therapists also rely on physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercise (PSSE). Combining these two modalities seems reasonable, but the effectiveness of this combination has never been rigorously tested. Here, a protocol for a pilot study is proposed to determine the feasibility of conducting a larger randomized trial. The pilot study was designed to test the hypothesis that spinal manipulative therapy followed by PSSE is more effective than PSSE alone in improving the Cobb angle, sensorimotor integration, the angle of trunk rotation (ATR), body symmetry, and quality of life.

The protocol describes a randomized controlled pilot trial with 40 subjects divided into study and control groups. Both groups will receive 8 weeks of PSSE, but the study group will also receive spinal manipulative therapy during the first 2 weeks before PSSE. The primary outcome will be an estimate of the feasibility of conducting aing scoliosis.

Prospectively registered at Chinese clinical trial registry, ChiCTR1900027037 . Registered on 29 October 2019. this website http//www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=44954&htm=4.
Prospectively registered at Chinese clinical trial registry, ChiCTR1900027037 . Registered on 29 October 2019. http//www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=44954&htm=4.
Ethoxyquin (EQ) is a common antioxidant which is widely used in animal feed. But the supplement of EQ in animal feed may lead to the residues of EQ and its major oxidation products ethoxyquin quinone imine (EQI) and ethoxyquin dimer (EQDM) in animal tissue. Thus, it would pose potential health hazards to consumers. However, the method for the simultaneous determination of EQ, EQI and EQDM in animal tissues is currently not available, and the accumulation extend of these chemicals in animal tissues after EQ administration remains to be evaluated.

A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was successfully developed for the simultaneous determination of EQ, EQI and EQDM in swine tissues. The quantitative limits of EQ, EQI and EQDM can achieve to 0.5, 5.0 and 5.0 μg/kg in swine tissues, respectively. The spiked-recovery ratios of the three analytes (5-2000 μg/kg) were in the range of 64.7%-100.7% with relative standard deviations below 11.6%. Moreover, the utilization of this method for the analysis of actual swine tissue samples revealed that the application of commercial EQ additive in swine diet would produce the residues of all the three chemicals (EQ, EQI and EQDM) in fat, kidney, liver and muscle.

The assay accuracy and precision of this GC-MS/MS method can meet the requirement of quantitative analysis. Meanwhile, the safety of EQ as a feed additive should be seriously considered with regard to food safety concerns since the oxidation product of EQ may have potential carcinogenicity.
The assay accuracy and precision of this GC-MS/MS method can meet the requirement of quantitative analysis. Meanwhile, the safety of EQ as a feed additive should be seriously considered with regard to food safety concerns since the oxidation product of EQ may have potential carcinogenicity.
To assess through systematic review and meta-analysis whether plasma exchange (PE) is associated with prognosis in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients.

A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases from inception to 17 June 2020 was conducted. Ongoing or unpublished trials were also searched in ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization trials portal. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PE vs. non-PE in AAV patients (microscopic polyangiitis [MPA], granulomatosis with polyangiitis [GPA], or eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis [EGPA]) were included. The combined risk ratio (RR) was calculated by the random-effects model using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Heterogeneity was measured using the I
statistic. Primary outcomes were mortality, clinical remission (CR), and adverse events (AEs).

Four RCTs comparing PE vs. no PE (N = 827) and 1 RCT comparing PE vs. pulse steroid treatment (N = 137) were included. All ired in the future. The results may affect the development of guidelines for AAV and may indicate the direction of future clinical research on AAV.

UMIN R000045239 , PROSPERO CRD42020182566 .
UMIN R000045239 , PROSPERO CRD42020182566 .
Clinical studies have shown that epiretinal membranes (ERM) as well as abnormalities of the central foveal bouquet (CB) can be classified in different stages according to their morphological appearance. Furthermore, visual acuity correlates with the different stages of these features. The present study evaluated how these findings change after the surgical removal of the ERM and their impact on functional outcomes.

In this retrospective study eyes with ERM were evaluated by SD-OCT scans before and after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with macular ERM and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. CB abnormalities were classified according to their morphological appearance from stage 0 (no abnormalities) to stage 3 (acquired vitelliform lesion). ERMs were classified ranging from stage 0 (absence of ERM) to stage 4 (ERM with significant anatomic disruption of macula). Changes in morphology were correlated with visual acuity before and after surgery.

151 eyes were included into the study. Before surgery 27.2% . These findings are valuable for deciding on PPV in patients with ERM.
The study indicates that the presence of CB abnormalities correlates with worse visual function. They are furthermore associated with worse visual outcomes after PPV with ERM and ILM peeling. These findings are valuable for deciding on PPV in patients with ERM.
The development of antimicrobial resistance, which is partially attributable to the overuse and/or misuse of antibiotics in health care, is one of the greatest global public health challenges. In Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, non-prescribed dispensing of antibiotics in community drug retail outlets (CDROs) has been flagged as one of the contributing factors for the widespread misuse of antibiotics in the community.

The current review aimed to estimate the proportion of non-prescription antibiotics requests or consultations that resulted in provision of antibiotics without a valid prescription among CDROs in SSA region, and describe the type of antibiotics dispensed.

A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Google Scholar. We also searched reference lists of relevant articles. Random effect model meta-analysis was employed to determine the pooled proportion of over the counter sale of antibiotics. Subgroup and meta-regression was undertaken to explore the potential cause of heterogeneity in effect size across studies.
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