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Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A guide In order to Preoperative-Planning Of Pelvic Organ Prolapse.
Our previous study revealed that expression of G protein-coupled receptor 68 (GPR68) was upregulated in MDSL cells, a cell line representing myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), in response to lenalidomide (LEN), and mediated a calcium/calpain proapoptotic pathway. Isx, a GPR68 agonist, enhanced the sensitivity to LEN in MDSL cells. The fact that Isx is not a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug prompts us to look for alternative candidates that could enhance the sensitivity of LEN in MDS as well as other hematologic malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the study described here, we found that regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1), an endogenous inhibitor of calcineurin (CaN), was upregulated in MDSL cells in response to LEN, possibly through degradation of IKZF1. Consistently, cyclosporin (Cys), a pharmacological inhibitor of CaN, inhibited the activity of CaN and induced apoptosis in MDSL cells, indicating that CaN provided a prosurvival signal in MDSL cells. In addition, Cys enhanced the cytotoxic effect of LEN in MDS/AML cell lines as well as primary bone marrow cells from MDS patients and AML patient-derived xenograft models. Intriguingly, pretreatment with LEN reversed the suppressive effect of Cys on T-cell activation. Our study suggests a novel mechanism of action of LEN in mediating cytotoxicity in MDS/AML via upregulation of RCAN1, thus inhibiting the CaN prosurvival pathway. Nutlin3 Our study also suggests that Cys enhances the sensitivity to LEN in MDS/AML cells without compromising T-cell activation.Inhibition of the H3K79 histone methyltransferase DOT1L has exhibited encouraging preclinical and early clinical activity in KMT2A (MLL)-rearranged leukemia, supporting the development of combinatorial therapies. Here, we investigated two novel combinations dual inhibition of the histone methyltransferases DOT1L and EZH2, and the combination with a protein synthesis inhibitor. EZH2 is the catalytic subunit in the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and inhibition of EZH2 has been reported to have preclinical activity in KMT2A-r leukemia. When combined with DOT1L inhibition, however, we observed both synergistic and antagonistic effects. Interestingly, antagonistic effects were not due to PRC2-mediated de-repression of HOXA9. HOXA cluster genes are key canonical targets of both KMT2A and the PRC2 complex. The independence of the HOXA cluster from PRC2 repression in KMT2A-r leukemia thus affords important insights into leukemia biology. Further studies revealed that EZH2 inhibition counteracted the effect of DOT1L inhibition on ribosomal gene expression. We thus identified a previously unrecognized role of DOT1L in regulating protein production. Decreased translation was one of the earliest effects measurable after DOT1L inhibition and specific to KMT2A-rearranged cell lines. H3K79me2 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing patterns over ribosomal genes were similar to those of the canonical KMT2A-fusion target genes in primary AML patient samples. The effects of DOT1L inhibition on ribosomal gene expression prompted us to evaluate the combination of EPZ5676 with a protein translation inhibitor. EPZ5676 was synergistic with the protein translation inhibitor homoharringtonine (omacetaxine), supporting further preclinical/clinical development of this combination. In summary, we discovered a novel epigenetic regulation of a metabolic process-protein synthesis-that plays a role in leukemogenesis and affords a combinatorial therapeutic opportunity.Hematopoiesis refers to the developmental process generating all blood lineages. In vertebrates, there are multiple waves of hematopoiesis, which emerge in distinct anatomic locations at different times and give rise to different blood lineages. In the last decade, numerous lineage-tracing studies have been conducted to investigate the hierarchical structure of the hematopoietic system. Yet, the majority of these lineage-tracing studies are not able to integrate the spatial-temporal information with the developmental potential of hematopoietic cells. With the newly developed infrared laser-evoked gene operator (IR-LEGO) microscope heating system, it is now possible to improve our understanding of hematopoiesis to spatial-temporal-controlled single-cell resolution. Here, we discuss the recent development of the IR-LEGO system and its applications in hematopoietic lineage tracing in vivo.Mcl-1 is a potent antiapoptotic protein which is amplified in many human cancer, while microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) promotes cell proliferation and has pro-survival role. The study was designed to examine whether the interaction between ciprofloxacin, one of the fluoroquinolones derivative, and MITF/Mcl-1 proteins affects C32 melanoma cells viability, proliferation and induces apoptosis. Preliminary molecular docking studies, Western blot analysis and fluorescence image cytometry were applied to demonstrate the signaling pathway underlying antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect of the drug. In silico analysis showed that ciprofloxacin possess the ability to form complexes with MITF and Mcl-1proteins. This phenomenon was confirmed by in vitro experimental model where the drug was found to decrease MITF and increase Mcl-1 expression at the protein level. Moreover, we found that ciprofloxacin decreases the cell viability and exerts anti-proliferative effect on amelanotic C32 melanoma cells. Image cytometric studies showed that the tested drug induced GSH depletion and apoptosis via intrinsic death pathway leading to DNA fragmentation. Analysis of the cell cycle distribution revealed that ciprofloxacin caused a block in the G2/M phase. This is the first study that characterized the role of MITF and Mcl-1 proteins in the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effect of ciprofloxacin towards amelanotic melanoma cells, opening the possibility to use of this drug as a potential agent for the treatment of melanoma.Low parasympathetic regulation of cardiac activity, known as cardiac vagal control (CVC), is robustly associated with poor health outcomes. However, the etiological mechanism that undergirds this association remains largely unknown. One explanation is a causal relationship wherein health problems cause low CVC, or vice versa. However, an alternative explanation is that a common set of genetic factors contributes to both increased liability for poor health and low CVC (i.e., pleiotropy). The present study uses polygenic risk scores for a number of health-related phenotypes (physical, mental, behavioral) to test whether genetic liability for poor health has pleiotropic effects on CVC. We report evidence for shared genetic liability between low CVC and both poor physical health (elevated triglycerides) and risky health-related behaviors (increased drinking and sexual activity). The present findings are consistent with shared genetic liability explaining, at least in part, the well-documented correlation between CVC and health.
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