Notes

Muscope: any smaller on-chip lensless microscope.
The Warburg observation concerning ATP generation in cancer cells is analyzed with regard to the likely involvement of H+ resonance effects on the angular velocity of the ATP synthase rotor. It is reasonable to expect that the variety of diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction may in part be related to the ATP synthase rate of rotation. Experimental measurements of ATP synthase rotational rates, as found in the literature, are consistent with what might be expected from the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) frequencies of protons moving under a Lorentz force determined by the approximate surface intensity of the geomagnetic field (~26-65 ?T). One research approach proposes that applying the electronic sum of two critical multiple resonance frequencies simultaneously may serve to more closely resemble real world biochemical changes as compared to applying these frequencies sequentially. Accordingly, it is suggested that applying the sum of the two individual resonance frequencies corresponding to H+ and H3O+ has the capacity to both increase proton density as well as couple to ATP synthase rotation. Selleckchem D-Galactose Not only will this tend to stabilize the F0 rotational rate but also perhaps make it feasible to control this rate, thereby providing a new and potentially efficacious means of treating diseases connected to mitochondrial dysfunction electromagnetically.Background Asthma is a chronic airway disorder with variable/recurring symptoms, airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and an inflammation. The expert panel report of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute recommends asthma screening in sickle cell disease (SCD); however, specific approach is not mentioned. We hypothesize that the breathmobile case identification survey (BCIS) is a valid asthma screening tool in children with SCD.Methods This prospective, single-center study enrolled 129 SCD patients aged 5 to 18 years from March 2016 to March 2018. All patients completed BCIS, spirometry, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). A single pulmonologist blinded to the BCIS results evaluated patients for asthma.Results Asthma prevalence was 41%. Male gender (60.4%; p = 0.041), allergic rhinitis (86.8%; p  less then  0.01), hydroxyurea usage (73.6%; p  less then  0.01), and family history of asthma (34%; p  less then  0.01) were higher but not self-reported parental asthma history, eczema, and tobacco smoke exposure in the asthma group compared to the nonasthma group. FEV1 (p = 0.003), FVC (p = 0.02), FEV1/FVC (p = 0.053), and FEF25-75% (p = 0.02) were lower in asthma. FeNO levels were comparable in both groups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the abbreviated BCIS were 67.3%, 90.8%, 83.3%, and 80.2% for asthma; and 82.1%, 90.8%, 76.7%, and 93.2% for persistent asthma, respectively. Persistent asthma patients had a trend of higher hydroxyurea use (82.8% vs. 58.3%; p = 0.049) and tobacco smoke exposure (55.2% vs. 29.2%; p = 0.057) compared to intermittent asthma.Conclusion We have validated the BCIS to screen for asthma in SCD. Spirometry but not FeNO may support an asthma diagnosis.Background Since the direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) were introduced, oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescription patterns have rapidly changed in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to evaluate the evolving trends of OAC use in a large nationwide cohort and specifically examine the changes in patient profiles treated with warfarin or DOAC and whether the time trends in OAC use affected clinical outcomes. Methods and Results Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database, we divided OAC naive patients with AF into 3 groups according to the enrollment period between January 2015 and December 2017 (n=35 353 in cohort 1, n=36 631 in cohort 2, and n=44 819 in cohort 3). DOAC use increased from 59% to 89%, whereas warfarin use has decreased from 41% to 11% during the study period. Patients treated with warfarin were increasingly younger from cohort 1 to cohort 3 (mean age 68-65 years, P less then 0.001) with lower mean CHA2DS2-VASc scores (3.3-2.9, P less then 0.001), whereas those with DOAC did not show a significant difference in clinical characteristics over the study period. Warfarin group had improved clinical outcomes over time, reflecting dynamic changes in patient characteristics. Compared with warfarin group, unadjusted hazard ratios of composite outcome for DOAC group have changed over time (hazard ratio 0.77 [95% CI, 0.69-0.85] in cohort 1, hazard ratio 0.84 [95% CI, 0.73-0.97] in cohort 2, and hazard ratio 1.00 [95% CI, 0.78-1.25] in cohort 3). After propensity score weighting between warfarin and DOAC groups in each cohort, DOAC showed consistently lower risks of the composite outcome by approximately 23% to 25% compared with warfarin across 3 different periods. Conclusions In contemporary clinical practice, OAC prescription patterns and characteristics of patients treated warfarin or DOAC have dynamically changed. Despite these changes, DOAC showed a consistent better net clinical benefit compared with warfarin across different periods.Objective Vancomycin use for intrapartum GBS prophylaxis is not well characterized. The objective of this study was to describe trends in the use of vancomycin among women undergoing vaginal delivery with group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization.Methods An administrative inpatient database that includes medications was analyzed to evaluate antibiotic use in women undergoing vaginal delivery hospitalizations complicated by GBS colonization from January 2006 to March 2015. Patients with other obstetric or infectious indications for antibiotics were excluded. Frequency of use of individual antibiotic agents was determined. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to assess temporal trends. An adjusted log-linear regression model accounting for demographic and hospital factors with vancomycin receipt as the outcome was performed with adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as the measure of effect. Hospital level variation in administration of vancomycin was also evaluated.Results 469,717 deliveries met inclusion criteria and were included in this analysis.
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