Notes

Erratum to be able to "Bleach advancement involving combined wooden pulp by combination of thermo-alkali-stable xylanase as well as mannanase extracted via co-culturing regarding Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. NG-27 and Bacillus nealsonii PN-11"[Heliyon 6 (1) (2021) e05673].
29 ± 188,90 μg kg
. The range of DON concentrations in samples of cereal products from organic and conventional farms was detected in 26.3% and 31.6%, whereas the average concentrations of DON in cereal products was 199.60 ± 149.82 μg kg
and 387.67 ± 250.24 μg kg
, respectively.

Mycotoxins contamination seen in organic cereals and cereal products does not statistical differ from that witnessed in their conventional counterparts.
Mycotoxins contamination seen in organic cereals and cereal products does not statistical differ from that witnessed in their conventional counterparts.
The course of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 may be aggravated by bioaerosols containing other viruses, bacteria, and fungi, occurring mainly in the occupational environment. Hence, the diagnostics and treatment of COVID-19 should address such a possibility in the anamnesis, treatment and final recommendations for avoiding of adverse exposure.

As SARS-CoV-2 attacks primarily the respiratory system and the severe manifestation of COVID-19 is interstitial pneumonia, diagnostics should include the following clinical and laboratory examinations chest X-ray; high resolution computed tomography (HRCT); pulmonary function tests; arterial-blood gas test; genetic tests for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, in the future with the use of highly specific and sensitive nano-based biosensors; tests for the presence of specific immunity against the antigens of microorganisms causing other infectious or allergic pulmonary diseases (in the case of anamnestic indications). Because an universally accepted treatment for COVID-1duction of the community air pollution which has been identified as an important factor increasing the COVID-19 severity. In the choice of preventive measures, the above should be considered for their potential efficacy against other bioaerosols as potential disease-aggravating agents.
Hiatal hernia (HH) is a condition which refers to the protrusion of an intraabdominal organ in the thorax cavity throughan oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. Sliding HH is usually associated with non-specific symptoms, including heartburn, regurgitation or epigastric pain. Importantly, true paraesophageal hernia may lead to cardiac compression. Knowledge of cardiac manifestations of HH is limited.

The main aim of the study is to present the rare case of a patient with gastrothorax due to hiatal hernia which caused cardiac arrest, and to provide a literature-based review of the cardiac aspects of hiatal hernia.

Patients with paraesophageal hernia may experience arrhythmia, including sinus tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular extrasystole and ventricular tachycardia, as well as left bundle branch block, atrioventricular conduction block and electrocardiographic changes in the ST-segment and T-wave. In echocardiograph, HH may appear as an extracardiac posterior mass encroachh may lead to cardiac arrest. However, even timely recognition and therapy of gastrothorax does not ensure a positive clinical outcome.
Every year there is an increase in the number of cases and deaths due to the majority of cancers. Currently, these diseases constitute the second cause of death in Poland and the USA. The number of cases of malignant neoplasms in Poland has more than doubled over the last three decades. According to the National Cancer Registry, in Poland about 95.5 people per thousand die every year from malignant neoplasms. Current epidemiological data on cancer is worrying because the World Health Organization predicts a significant increase in the incidence of cancer in the general population. This problem, which is significant on the global scale, demands the search for more effective prevention methods so that more and more attention is paid to both primary and secondary prevention. Prevention and early detection of cancer have become a priority for the national health policy of many European countries. Numerous studies around the world prove that reducing the risk of cancer is most effective through adopting a health demonstrated, including secondary prevention aimed at controlling risk factors in relation to persons exposed to them. The combination of these activities becomes an important element in maintaining the health of the individual, as well as society.
Genotoxicity of chemical compounds is primarily associated with the interaction with DNA, formation of mutations, damage to chromosomes and initiating carcinogenesis processes. Currently, many compounds found in the environment are considered to be genotoxic agents, among them chromium trivalent (III) and hexavalent (VI). The genotoxicity of hexavalent (VI) chromium has been proven in numerous epidemiological, in vitro and in vivo studies. The main source of Cr (VI) is environmental pollution associated with its use in various industries. Tanespimycin purchase On the other hand, the role of chromium (III) as a microelement is widely discussed. Due to its beneficial properties, associated with maintaining adequate blood glucose levels and supporting weight loss, it is widely used in the form of dietary supplements, often in doses exceeding the daily requirement. However, the safety of chromium compounds is disputable. Data about the mechanism of genotoxic effects are still incomplete.

The aim of this review is to present the cuas to the safety of its use, as well as environmental exposure to Cr (VI).The relative insufficiency of insulin secretion and/or insulin action causes diabetes. However, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus can be associated with an absolute increase in circulating insulin, a state known as hyperinsulinemia. Studies are beginning to elucidate the cause-effect relationships between hyperinsulinemia and numerous consequences of metabolic dysfunctions. Here, we review recent evidence demonstrating that hyperinsulinemia may play a role in inflammation, aging and development of cancers. In this review, we will focus on the consequences and mechanisms of excess insulin production and action, placing recent findings that have challenged dogma in the context of the existing body of literature. Where relevant, we elaborate on the role of specific signal transduction components in the actions of insulin and consequences of chronic hyperinsulinemia. By discussing the involvement of hyperinsulinemia in various metabolic and other chronic diseases, we may identify more effective therapeutics or lifestyle interventions for preventing or treating obesity, diabetes and cancer.
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