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Furthermore, the concentration of alanine aminotransferase (ALP) was significantly increased and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was reduced after oridonin treatment (10 mg/kg). Immunohistochemical analysis further revealed that oridonin increased E-cadherin expression and reduced vimentin and phospho-FAK levels in vivo. These findings indicated that oridonin can inhibit the migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of SCLC cells by suppressing the FAK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway. Thus, oridonin may be a new drug candidate to offer an effect of anti-SCLC with relative safety. © 2020 Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, Science and Technology Innovation Project for College Students in Zhejiang Province. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND High-fat diet, microbial alterations and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are thought to cause enteric diabetic neuropathy and intestinal dysmotility. However, the role of the gut microbiota, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the development of diabetic enteric neuropathy and intestinal dysmotility is not well understood. Our aim was to examine the role of the gut microbiota, LTA and SCFAs in the development of diabetic enteric neuropathy and intestinal dysmotility. METHODS We fed germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (CR) mice either a high-fat (HFD) or standard chow diet (SCD) for 8 weeks. We analyzed the microbial community composition in CR mice using 16S rRNA sequencing and damage to myenteric neurons using immunohistochemistry. We also studied the effects of LPS, LTA, and SCFAs on duodenal muscularis externa contractions and myenteric neurons using cultured preparations. KEY RESULTS High-fat diet ingestion reduced the total number and the number of nitrergic myenteric neurons per ganglion in the duodenum of CR but not in GF-HFD mice. GF mice had fewer neurons per ganglion compared with CR mice. CR mice fed a HFD had increased abundance of Gram-positive bacteria. LTA and LPS did not affect the frequency of duodenal muscularis contractions after 24 hours of cultured but reduced the density of nitrergic myenteric neurons and increased oxidative stress and TNFα production in myenteric ganglia. SCFAs did not affect muscularis contractions or injure myenteric neurons. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Gut microbial alterations induced increase in Gram-positive bacterial LTA may contribute to enteric neuropathy. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Halide double perovskites have recently emerged as a promising environmentally friendly optoelectronic and photovoltaic material for their inherent thermodynamic stability, high defect tolerance, and appropriate bandgaps. However, up to now, no ferroelectric material based on halide double perovskites has been discovered. Herein, by the mean of hetero-substitution of lead and cation-intercalation of n -propylamine, we design the first halide double perovskite ferroelectric of ( n -propylammonium) 2 CsAgBiBr 7 ( 1 ), which exhibits distinct ferroelectricity with a notable saturation polarization of ~1.5 μC/cm 2 . More importantly, single-crystal photodetectors of 1 exhibit extraordinary performances, containing high on/off ratios of about 10 4 , fast response rates of 141 μs, and detectivity as large as 5.3 × 10 11 Jones. This finding opens a new way of designing high-performance perovskite ferroelectrics, especially provides a viable approach in the search for stable and lead-free optoelectronic materials as an alternative to the lead-containing system. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Bi 3+ and lanthanide ions were previously codoped in metal oxides as optical sensitizers and emitters. But such codoping is not known in typical semiconductors like Si, GaAs, CdSe, since the coordination number (CN) for metal ions is 4, which is insufficient to accommodate large sized Bi 3+ and lanthanide ions. selleck chemical Metal halide perovskite with coordination number 6 provides an opportunity to codope Bi 3+ and lanthanide ions. Here we report codoping of Bi 3+ and Ln 3+ (Ln = Er and Yb) in Cs 2 AgInCl 6 double perovskite. Bi 3+ -Er 3+ codoped Cs 2 AgInCl 6 shows Er 3+ f -electron emission at 1540 nm (suitable for low-loss optical communication). Bi 3+ codoping decreases the excitation (absorption) energy, such that the samples can be excited with ~370 nm light using a commercial UV light emitting diodes. At that excitation, Bi 3+ -Er 3+ codoped Cs 2 AgInCl 6 shows ~45 times higher emission intensity compared to the Er 3+ doped Cs 2 AgInCl 6 . Similar results are also observed in Bi 3+ -Yb 3+ codoped sample emitting at 994 nm. A combination of temperature dependent (5.7 K to 423 K) photoluminescence and first-principles calculation study is used to understand the optical sensitization and emission processes in Bi 3+ -Ln 3+ codoped Cs 2 AgInCl 6 . © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Long-distance dispersal (LDD) is a pivotal process for plants determining their range of distribution and promoting gene flow among distant populations. Most fleshy-fruited species rely on frugivorous vertebrates to disperse their seeds across the landscape. While LDD events are difficult to record, a few ecological studies have shown that birds move a sizeable number of ingested seeds across geographic barriers, such as sea straits. The foraging movements of migrant frugivores across distant populations, including those separated by geographic barriers, creates a constant flow of propagules that in turn shapes the spatial distributions of the genetic variation in populations. Here, we have analysed the genetic diversity and structure of 74 populations of Pistacia lentiscus, a fleshy-fruited shrub widely distributed in the Mediterranean Basin, to elucidate whether the Mediterranean Sea acts as a geographic barrier or alternatively whether migratory frugivorous birds promote gene flow among populations located on both sides of the sea. Our results show reduced genetic distances among populations, including intercontinental populations, and they show a significant genetic structure across an eastern-western axis. These findings are consistent with known bird migratory routes that connect the European and African continents following a north-southwards direction during the fruiting season of many fleshy-fruited plants. Further, Approximate Bayesian Analysis failed to explain the observed patterns as a result of historical population migrations at the end of Last Glacial Maximum. Therefore, anthropic and/or climatic changes that would disrupt the migratory routes of frugivorous birds might have genetic consequences for the plant species they feed upon. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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