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Cell-Penetrating Peptides while Carriers with regard to Transepithelial Drug Shipping.
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficiency of anterior decompression on the proximal-type cervical spondylotic amyotrophy patients. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis. From January 2014 to November 2017, 21 patients with proximal-type cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (CSA) underwent anterior decompression. see more There were 15 males and 6 females, aged 35-73 years with an average of 51.62 years. All the patients underwent surgery of anterior decompression (ACDF or ACCF). Among them, 12 patients underwent C4/5 single level ACDF, eight patients underwent C4/5 and C5/6 double level ACDF, and one patient underwent C5 anterior cervical corpectomy decompression and fusion surgery. Preoperative and postoperative clinical and radiologic parameters were assessed. The clinical examinations were reviewed, including muscle strength, neck disability index (NDI) score, cervical Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and improvement rate of manual muscle test (MMT) at the last follow-up. Preoperative spinal cord or nerveSA patients with cervical radiculopathy, earlier anterior decompression surgery can achieve satisfactory results by significantly improving a patient's muscle strength and relieving compression symptoms. © 2020 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Chinese Orthopaedic Association and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.Effective wound healing remains a significant clinical challenge in reducing patient morbidity and improving quality of life. Wound healing is a complex process involving the endogenous electrical field (EF). The EF can contribute to wound healing by activating keratinocytes to promote re-epithelialisation. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of exogenous electrical stimulation (ES) on human keratinocyte viability and proliferation and on production of IL-6, IL-8, keratins (K5 and K14), and to investigate the activated signalling pathways in keratinocytes exposed to ES. Keratinocytes were cultured under electrical stimulation (ES) at different intensities for 6 or 24 h. Cell proliferation, cytokines and growth factors, K5, K14, as well as phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases were evaluated. The results showed that the keratinocytes exposed to ES between 100 and 150 mV/mm for 6 h or 24h showed a significantly increased proliferation rate. However, a 24 h exposure to 200 mV/mm revealed no significant effect in cell growth. ES at 100 and 200 mV/mm for 6 h increased the secretion of EGF and VEGF, and the production of K5 and K14. K14 was more sensitive than K5 to ES. However, ES down-regulated the secretions of IL-6 and IL-8. Finally, ES increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases. Overall results suggested that ES can be useful in supporting skin wound healing by activating keratinocytes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PURPOSE Malignant glioma (MG) is the most deadly primary brain cancer. Signaling though the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis is activated in most MGs and therefore a potential therapeutic target. The mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus and the AKT inhibitor perifosine are each well-tolerated as single agents but with limited activity reclinical data demonstrate synergistic anti-tumor effects from combined treatment. Therefore, we initiated a phase I trial of combined therapy in recurrent MGs to determine safety and a recommended phase II dose. METHODS Adults with recurrent MG, Karnofsky Performance Status ≥ 60 were enrolled, with no limit on the number of prior therapies. Temsirolimus dose was escalated using standard 3 + 3 design from 15 mg to 170 mg administered once weekly. Perifosine was fixed as a 600 mg load on day 1 followed by 100 mg nightly (single agent MTD) until dose level 7 when the load increased to 900 mg. RESULTS We treated 35 patients with with glioblastoma (17) or other MGs (18; including nine anaplastic astrocytoma, nine anaplastic oligodendroglioma, one anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, and two low grade astrocytomas with radiographic transformation to MG). We observed five dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) one at dose level 3 (50mg temsirolimus), then two at dose level 7 expansion (170 mg temsirolimus), and then two more at dose level 6 expansion (170 mg temsirolimus). DLTs included thrombocytopenia (n = 3), intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 1) and lung infection (n = 1). CONCLUSION Combining the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus dosed at 115 mg weekly and the AKT inhibitor perifosine dosed at 100 mg daily (following 600 mg load) is tolerable in heavily pretreated adults with recurrent MGs. © 2020 The Authors. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Neurological Association.Much of the similarities of the tissue characteristics, pathologies and mechanisms of heterotopic ossification (HO) formation are shared between HO of tendon and ligament (HOTL). Unmet need and no effective treatment has been developed for HOTL, primarily attributable to poor understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms. HOTL forms via endochondral ossification, a common process of most kinds of HO. HOTL is a dynamic pathologic process that includes trauma/injury, inflammation, mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) recruitment, chondrogenic differentiation and, finally, ossification. A variety of signal pathways involve HOTL with multiple roles in different stages of HO formation, and here in this review, we summarize the progress and provide an up-to-date understanding of HOTL. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant cancer and the third leading cause of death worldwide. The molecular mechanism of HCC remains unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is associated with HCC. Ubqln2, a member of the UPS, is abnormally expressed in HCC. However, whether Ubqln2 is associated with HCC prognosis remains unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed the associations between overall survival and various risk factors in 355 HCC tissue samples obtained from the Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) database at the mRNA level and in 166 HCC tissue samples from Southwest Hospital at the protein level. qRCR was used to determinate Ubqln2 expression in cancer and noncancerous tissues. The association between Ubqln2 and Ki-67 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The association between Ubqln2 expression and survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox proportional hazards models. A nomogram was used to predict the impact of Ubqln2 on prognosis.
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