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BACKGROUND Telemedicine can provide valuable strategies to deliver high quality training to young doctors and students, as well as to discuss complex clinical cases and follow patients. However, in many cases similar benefits are limited by the costs due to the expensive hardware resources and optimal infrastructure required. This study presents a novel protocol to improve the accessibility of telemedicine services into a modern hospital department. The protocol is referred to as "SEF" (Smart videosurgery, Easy teleteaching, Fast teleassistance) and was developed in an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department. The study was conducted aiming at 1. providing a solution that can overcome problems related to the high initial cost of both hardware equipment and expertise that are needed to configure a telemedicine network. 2. supporting the simultaneous transmission of multiple video streams; 3. adopting a modular architecture that amplifies the distance of transmission on the basis of the network infrastructure ocol appeared to be a stable and highly customisable interface, and has the potential to empower many centers with accessible tele health systems.BACKGROUND Aggressive periodontitis is a progressive disease that can cause tooth loss within a short period of time. Mast cells are found in tissues with various allergic and inflammatory conditions including periodontal disease through the release of cytokines, chemokines, and proteolytic enzymes. Given the findings of some studies on the related role of mast cells, this study was conducted to determine the number of mast cells in aggressive periodontitis. METHODS This study was conducted on 30 participants divided into two groups visiting the Faculty of Dentistry of University of Medical Sciences. A total of 15 participants with aggressive periodontitis and 15 healthy participants were investigated. For counting mast cells, toluidine blue staining was used. The percentage of mast cells and demographic factors were evaluated in the two groups and the results were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics and independent t-tests. The P-value = 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The mean percentage of mast cells in the aggressive periodontitis group was 27.1 ± 8.9 which was significantly higher than that of the healthy group, i.e. 12.6 ± 5.1 (P-value less then 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In general, the results of the study showed that the percentage of mast cells in the aggressive periodontitis group was more than two times higher than that of the healthy group, which is indicative of an increase in the number of mast cells in aggressive periodontitis disease.BACKGROUND In pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) ambulatory care, handheld spirometry in individual clinic rooms would improve patient flow and potentially reduce patient-to-patient contact. A validation study was conducted to examine the accuracy of an entirely handheld turbine spirometer vs a standard laboratory device in pediatric CF patients. METHODS Spirometric data were obtained from 76 CF patients aged less than 18 years in the ambulatory setting using the Micro Loop Spirometer (CareFusion) and compared to same-day data from conventional laboratory spirometry. RESULTS Linear relationships were obtained between devices, demonstrating good correlation r = .99, .99, .97, and .82 for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) , forced vital capacity (FVC), FEF25%-75% , and peak expiratory flow, respectively (P  less then  .001 for all). selleck compound Biases (mean differences between devices) were -65 mL for FEV1 (P  less then  .001) and -115 mL for FVC (P  less then  .001) on the handheld. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated scatter in bias across all volumes. Limits of agreement (defined as mean ± 2 standard deviations [SD]) were large +189 to -319 mL for FEV1 , equating to large limits of agreement for FEV1 percent predicted of +9.0% to -13.9%. For repeated measurements on the same device on different days, a larger percent SD was obtained with the handheld compared to the conventional spirometer (6.7% vs 5.1%, respectively). Importantly, a relatively large number (15%) demonstrated a decrease in FEV1 percent predicted of ≥10% on the handheld compared to conventional. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that while both devices have passed the recommendations for spirometry testing per American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society, handheld turbine vs conventional spirometers may not be used interchangeably in the pediatric CF population. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The rabbit has been proposed to represent an animal model that allows studying peripheral nerve regeneration across extended gap lengths. We describe here our experiences with the rabbit median nerve model and the obstacles it comes along with. This short communication is meant to inform the community and to prevent other researcher from investing time and animal lives in a model with low translational power. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Natural products (NPs) have evolved over a very long natural selection process to form optimal interactions with biologically relevant macromolecules. NPs are therefore a very useful source of inspiration for the design of new drugs. In the present study we report the results of a cheminformatics analysis of a large database of NP structures focusing on their scaffolds. First, general differences between NP scaffolds and scaffolds from synthetic molecules are discussed, followed by a comparison of the properties of scaffolds produced by different types of organisms. Scaffolds produced by plants are the most complex and those produced by bacteria differ in many structural features from scaffolds produced by other organisms. The results presented here may be used as a guidance in selection of scaffolds for the design of novel NP-like bioactive structures or NP-inspired libraries. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.INTRODUCTION Children with Down syndrome (DS) often present with chronic respiratory symptoms. Congenital airway anomalies have been described but data about prevalence is scarce and a comparison to controls is lacking. We aim to compare the endoscopic and clinical data of children with DS to controls without significant medical history. METHODS All endoscopic procedures under general anesthesia (broncho- and/or direct laryngoscopy) in patients with DS were reviewed. We compared clinical and endoscopic data to a cohort of children with respiratory symptoms but without any other relevant medical history. RESULTS Endoscopic data were available for 65 patients with DS. The median age was 2.9 years (range 0.2-17), 63% were boys. The most common clinical presentation was recurrent respiratory infections (37%). Other major symptoms were chronic cough and/or noisy breathing (23%) and stridor (20%). Endoscopy was normal in 29% of patients. The largest group of patients (44%) had some form of airway malacia. Tracheal bronchus and subglottic stenosis were each isolated findings in 3.
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