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This study analyzes the root causes of cracks in the deck plating around tank manholes. Four handy-size bulk carriers built in one shipyard were analyzed. In all cases, deck cracks were found near manholes, and the average time from the commencement of operation until the occurrence of cracks was 1356 days. Due to this short wear-life of the vessel's structural material, the authors believed that it was unlikely to be caused by corrosion fatigue. The authors hypothesized that main decks cracked around manholes because of very poor-quality welded joints and poor-quality steel (large amounts of non-metallic impurities) used to make the manholes. In order to verify this hypothesis, on each of the vessels, material samples were collected from near the cracks and then examined thoroughly. Each sample was subjected to the macroscopic examination of the natural surfaces of cracks and their vicinity, microscopic examination of the material, mechanical property tests, and scanning electron microscope fractography for samples obtained after impact tests. see more The examination and test results were used to draw detailed conclusions for each case study. The general conclusions based on examination of the whole damage population validated the authors' hypothesis that main decks cracked around manholes because of very poor-quality welded joints and poor-quality steel used to make the manholes.
this study aims to estimate the rate of death by cancer as a result of Radio Base Station (RBS) radiofrequency exposure, especially for breast, cervix, lung, and esophagus cancers.
we collected information on the number of deaths by cancer, gender, age group, gross domestic product per capita, death year, and the amount of exposure over a lifetime. We investigated all cancer types and some specific types (breast, cervix, lung, and esophagus cancers).
in capitals where RBS radiofrequency exposure was higher than 2000/antennas-year, the average mortality rate was 112/100,000 for all cancers. The adjusted analysis showed that, the higher the exposure to RBS radiofrequency, the higher cancer mortality was. The highest adjusted risk was observed for cervix cancer (rate ratio = 2.18). The spatial analysis showed that the highest RBS radiofrequency exposure was observed in a city in southern Brazil that also showed the highest mortality rate for all types of cancer and specifically for lung and breast cancer.
the balance of our results indicates that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from RBS increases the rate of death for all types of cancer.
the balance of our results indicates that exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from RBS increases the rate of death for all types of cancer.In leaching processes controlled by diffusion and convectional transport of mass, the hydrodynamic structure formed in the reactor's working volume is an additional factor affecting the process. This research work presents results related to hydrodynamic structures developing in batch reactors, different in shape, recorded by means of the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. The movement of the distilled water and leaching solution was analyzed during investigations. Next, the system hydrodynamics and the process of tin leaching were analyzed. Finally, the leaching is affected by the reactor geometry and the hydrodynamic structure developed in its working volume, especially when a convectional or diffusion mass transport decides the process efficiency.Exercises in virtual reality (VR) have recently become a popular form of rehabilitation and are reported to be more effective than a standard rehabilitation protocol alone. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of adjunct VR training in improving postural control in patients after total knee replacement surgery (TKR). Forty-two patients within 7-14 days of TKR were enrolled and divided into a VR group and a control group (C). The C group underwent standard postoperative rehabilitation. The VR group additionally attended twelve 30-min exercise sessions using the Virtual Balance Clinic prototype system. Balance was assessed on the AMTI plate in bipedal standing with and without visual feedback before and after the four-week rehabilitation. Linear measures and sample entropy of CoP data were analyzed. After four weeks of rehabilitation, a significant reduction in parameters in the sagittal plane and ellipse area was noted while the eyes remained open. Regression analysis showed that sample entropy depended on sex, body weight, visual feedback and age. Based on the sample entropy results, it was concluded that the complexity of the body reaction had not improved. The standing-with-eyes-closed test activates automatic balance mechanisms and offers better possibilities as a diagnostic tool.The 24CrNiMo alloy steel powder was used as experimental material. The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-deposited, quenched and tempered (QT) and stress-relief annealed (SR) specimens were analyzed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the specimens in the three states were mainly ferrite (α-Fe), in which the as-deposited samples had puny face-centered cubic (FCC) structure Fe (γ-Fe). The microstructure observation showed that the as-deposited specimens were made up of ferrite, granular bainite, a small amount of cementite and residual austenite. The tensile test results indicated that the tensile strength and yield strength of the as-deposited specimens were 1199 MPa and 1053 MPa respectively, and the elongation at break was 10.7%. The elongation of QT and SR specimens increased to 11.6% and 12.8%, respectively. The electron backscattered scattering detection (EBSD) analysis results showed that the small-angle grain boundary content of the as-deposited samples was 58%, and large-angle grain boundary content was 15%. After QT and SR, small-angle and large-angle grain boundaries were obtained than those in the as-deposited specimens. The high-temperature friction and wear properties and thermal fatigue performances of the QT and SR specimens were improved significantly. The QT specimens had the smallest wear and thermal fatigue crack lengths, excellent resistance to friction and wear performance and prevention of crack growth, with an ideal comprehensive properties.
Homepage: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/reacp53.html
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