Notes

The H6D innate variance involving GDF15 is a member of genesis, progress and prognosis within intestinal tract cancer.
The annual U removal was 0.068%, suggesting that AM are responsible for limiting the incorporation of U into the food chain, favouring its retention in the soil and preventing its dispersion.The 4‰ initiative implementation has increased the emphasis and interest in soil carbon and nitrogen storage in the last few years. This study evaluated the dynamics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen under rain-fed olive groves over a long-term period (2004-2019). The management practices associated with achieving the 4‰ initiative objectives and the depth of analysis to measure the effectiveness of the initiative have generated uncertainties and wide debate in the scientific community. To contribute to this debate from a farm level, the objective of this study was to analyse the effects of conventional tillage and no-tillage with bare soil by using herbicides (after land management change from conventional tillage) on carbon and nitrogen stocks in complete soil profiles (depth > 100 cm) over 15 years in a Mediterranean olive grove. Soil samples were collected from each farm and analysed for carbon content and physical-chemical characteristics. This study indicates that management practices evaluated resulted in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents decreasing in soil, with a reduction >30% in all horizons. find more Results highlight a significant depletion of soil organic carbon stock with a significant decarbonisation process (-1.8 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) and total nitrogen stock (-0.57 and - 0.41 Mg N ha-1 yr-1) on average under both managements (no-tillage no tillage with herbicide and conventional tillage respectively) as compared to the initial situation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that deep horizons are significant reservoirs of carbon (>50% in all cases) and in woody crops, its analysis within the dynamics of soil organic carbon stocks proposed by the 4‰ initiative was relevant. With these results, no-tillage with bare soil by using herbicides was demonstrated as an unsustainable agricultural practice and it is proposed to change the current soil management to sustainable management that increases the C inputs to achieve the 4‰ targets.Whalers Bay (WB), Deception Island, is an environment that can drastically change its temperature within a few meters. The main forms of life inhabiting this environment are microorganisms, which, due to the high diversity and their adaptive potential, can survive and thrive under harsh stress conditions. However, the genetic potential and mechanisms to cope with fluctuating adverse conditions as well as what extent environmental variations shape the microbial community over the years it is still unknown in Antarctic environments. In this work, sediments collected in a transect in Whalers Bay, Deception Island, during the Austral Summers of 2014, 2015 and 2017 were analyzed using shotgun metagenomics. Sequence data were further processed with the SqueezeMeta tool for assembly, gene prediction, mapping, taxonomic and functional annotations. Results showed that stress-related functions had the influence of temperatures and solar radiation observed in the years of 2015 and 2017. The most differentiated functions were the ones related to oxidative stress, comparing 2014 vs 2015 and 2014 vs 2017. The genes coding for HSP20 and oxidoreductases (nrdH, grxA, korC and korD), as well as the genes clpE, cspL, and operons mtrAB and vicKR, were differentially enriched between the years, most of them found in gram-positive bacteria. The selective pressures of temperature and radiation may have favored the growth of gram-positive bacteria in 2017, with emphasis on Arthrobacter genus. Data gathered in this work showed that temperature and solar radiation could potentially be the primary driving forces shaping the repertoire of stress-response genes for the maintenance of microbial diversity in WB Antarctic sediments.Mesotrione (MTR) is a highly effective pesticide widely used for weeding in farmland. Overload of MTR in agricultural soils may result in environmental problems. To evaluate the potential contamination of MTR in environments, a better understanding of the MTR degradation process and mechanisms in crops is required. This study investigated the impact of MTR on growth and toxicological responses in rice (Oryza sativa). The growth of rice tissues was significantly compromised with increasing MTR concentrations. RNA-sequencing combined with HRLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis identified many transcriptional components responsible for MTR degradation. Four libraries composed of root and shoot tissues exposed to MTR were RNA-sequenced in biological triplicate. Compared to -MTR, treatment with environmentally realistic MTR concentration upregulated 1995 genes in roots and 326 genes in shoots. Gene enrichment revealed many MTR-degradative enzymes functioning in resistance to environmental stress and molecular metabolism of xenobiotics. Specifically, many differentially expressed genes are critical enzymes like cytochrome P450, glycosyltransferases, methyltransferase, glutathione S-transferases and acetyltransferase involved in the process. To evidence MTR degradative metabolisms, HRLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to characterize eight metabolites and five conjugates in the pathways involving hydrolysis, reduction, glycosylation, methylation or acetylation. The precise association between the specific MTR-degraded products and enhanced activities of its corresponding enzymes was established. This study advanced our understanding of the detailed MTR degradative mechanisms and pathways, which may help engineer genotypes to facilitate MTR degradation in the paddy crop.Benzophenone-3 (BP3) is a widely used organic UV filter present in many environmental compartments. One way BP3 is released into the environment is through effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). These plants are possible sources for degradation activity and WWTP sludge may potentially degrade BP3. Our goal was to identify any BP3 degrading microorganism(s) in WWTP sludge and to investigate whether the degradation was co-metabolic. Initial WWTP sludge microcosms spiked with BP3 showed 100% degradation after 20 days. Multiple transfers of these microcosms, while maintaining a strong selective pressure for BP3 degradation capabilities, resulted in the dominance of one bacterial strain. This strain was identified as Sphingomonas wittichii BP14P and was subsequently isolated. It was shown to degrade BP3 in a growth dependent manner. Strain BP14P utilized BP3 as the sole energy and carbon source and completely degraded BP3 after 7 days in minimal media. We tested the capability of BP14P to degrade nine other UV filters, but the degradation ability seemed to be restricted to BP3.
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