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Effect regarding Insurance Reputation upon Subdural Hematoma Management- An NTDB Evaluation.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate the generation of dual-channels chaos with time delay signature (TDS) concealment by introducing a phase-modulated Sagnac loop in mutually coupled semiconductor lasers (MCSL). Furthermore, we demonstrate the utilization of the dual-channels chaos to solve multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem in reinforcement learning. The experimental results agree well with the numerical simulations. For the purpose of comparison, the MCSL with a conventional Sagnac loop is also considered. It is found that the TDS of dual-channels chaotic signals can be better concealed in our proposed system. Besides, the proposed system allows for a better decision making performance in MAB problem. Moreover, compared with the one-channel chaotic system, the proposed dual-channels chaotic system achieves ultrafast decision making in parallel, and thus, is highly valuable for further improving the security of communication systems and the performance of photonic intelligence.This paper presents a theory of size quantization and intersubband optical transitions in bilayer semiconductor quantum wells with asymmetric profile. We show that, in contrast to single-layer quantum wells, the size-quantized subbands of bilayer quantum wells are nonparabolic and characterized by effective masses that depend on the electron wave number and the subband number. It is found that the effective masses are related to the localization of the electron wave function in the layers of the quantum well and can be controlled by varying the chemical composition or geometric parameters of the structure. We also derive an analytical expression for the probability of optical transitions between the subbands of the bilayer quantum well. Our results are useful for the development of laser systems and photodetectors based on colloidal nanoplates and epitaxial layers of semiconductor materials with heterojunctions.A hybrid grating-based Fabry-Perot structure is proposed to investigate light manipulation in the near-infrared wavelength region. It is found that the electromagnetic energy can be easily trapped in different parts of the system at different polarization states. For TM polarization, numerical results show that two remarkable narrowband absorptance peaks appear owing to the excitation of critical coupling with guided mode resonance and Fabry-Perot resonance. While for TE polarization, only one narrowband absorptance peak is generated because only Fabry-Perot resonance is excited. The near-infrared spectral selectivity of the system can be tuned by changing the geometrical parameters. In addition, the spectral absorptance of the system can be optimized by applying gate voltage on graphene sheet to change graphene chemical potential. This valuable dual-band tunable narrowband absorber is a potential application for high-performance optoelectronic devices.We combine erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and backward distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) to achieve the real-time wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission of 400 Gbps/carrier polarization division multiplexing (PDM) 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals over 2,000 km of terrestrial field-deployed cut-off shifted fiber (CSF) compliant with ITU-T G.654.E. This paper compares the transmission performance of 400 Gbps/carrier signals achieved in CSF and standard single-mode fiber (SMF). This transmission distance, 2,019 km, is, to the best of our knowledge, the longest in 400 Gbps/carrier WDM transmission field experiments using digital signal processing (DSP) application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) integrated real-time optical transponders with the technologies to compensate device imperfections; the backward DRA used is fully compliant with laser power safety requirements.We investigate the existence and stability of in-phase three-pole and four-pole gap solitons in the fractional Schrödinger equation supported by one-dimensional parity-time-symmetric periodic potentials (optical lattices) with defocusing Kerr nonlinearity. These solitons exist in the first finite gap and are stable in the moderate power region. When the Lévy index decreases, the stable regions of these in-phase multipole gap solitons shrink. Below a Lévy index threshold, the effective multipole soliton widths decrease as the Lévy index increases. Escin Above the threshold, these solitons become less localized as the Lévy index increases. The Lévy index cannot change the phase transition point of the PT-symmetric optical lattices. We also study transverse power flow in these multipole gap solitons.Frontal projection autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) display is a kind of excellent 3D display technique with large display size and efficient space utilization, especially suitable for the future glasses-free 3D cinema. In this paper, we propose a frontal projection autostereoscopic 3D display using a liquid crystal lens array (LCLA) and a quarter-wave retarding film. The LCLA acts as two roles, refraction and transparency, for different polarized light. The forward projected polarized light can pass through the LCLA as a transparency, and then pass through the quarter-wave retarding film. After reflecting from a polarization-preserving screen, the returned light will pass through the quarter-wave retarding film again and turn to an orthogonal polarization. This polarized light will be refracted by the LCLA and reconstruct the 3D image. The demonstrated LCLA has the merits of no driving voltage, simple fabrication, and cost-effective. Optical experiment verifies the proposed method, which is promising for its potential application in the future glasses-free 3D cinema.Phase elements can be used in optical systems to achieve similar design goals to traditional geometric optical elements. If we replace traditional geometrical optical elements in optical systems by phase elements (such as diffractive optical elements and metasurfaces) which have phase functions loaded on the geometric surface substrates, it is possible to generate imaging optical systems that offer better performance, increased compactness, lighter weight, and easier alignment and manufacturing than conventional imaging systems. Here we propose a design method for imaging systems consisting of freeform-surface-substrate phase elements. The design process begins from an initial system that uses simple geometric planes or other predefined geometric surfaces without phase functions. After point-by-point construction and iteration steps, the geometric substrate surfaces and closed-form phase functions can then be calculated quickly and efficiently. The resulting design can be used as a good starting point for further optimization.
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