Notes

Increased sucrose fermentation by simply intro of heterologous sucrose transporter along with invertase directly into Clostridium beijerinckii for acetone-butanol-ethanol manufacturing.
Osteochondrosis (OC) is not well recognized in cattle. Japanese Black (JB) cattle are valued for their beef and studies regarding OC are scarce. Hence, the aim of this study was to retrospectively discuss clinical and radiographical findings, diagnosis and treatment options for OC in JB cattle for successful outcomes. Medical records of 11 calves affected with OC were reviewed, retrospectively. Clinical and radiographic findings, treatment and outcomes and postmortem examination findings were analyzed. All calves had lameness. Stifle (4/14) and tarsal (4/14) were the most affected joints. Subchondral bone lucencies were observed in all joints (14/14) and accompanied with sclerosis (10/14). Radiographic grading was performed in calves. Calves were treated surgically (8/11) or conservatively (1/11). Surgically treated calves were auctioned (5/8). Postmortem examination was performed (2/11). Gross findings revealed ulcerative lesion at articular surface. Histopathologically, cartilage layer was defected at lesion. Inflammation (2/2) and granulation tissue (1/2) was also observed. In conclusion, OC in JB cattle can be diagnosed on the basis of radiography with history and clinical signs in clinical setting. Surgery should be performed in mild cases for successful outcomes. A modified radiographic grading criteria for clinical cases may hold potential in evaluating prognosis and outcomes.Objectives　This study aimed to examine employment status differences in the marriage and fertility rates of Japanese women via an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis.Methods　We used data collected from 1995 to 2015 in Japan based on the government's "Report of Vital Statistics Occupational and Industrial Aspects," which recorded the marriage rates of unmarried adults and fertility rates of married adults-according to their employment status. A Bayesian APC analysis was performed to identify changes in marriage and fertility rates based on three effects age, period, and cohort. Finally, we calculated the marriage and fertility rate ratios between non-employed and employed women for each age group, period, and cohort.Results　The APC analyses showed that the period effect on marriage rates for non-employed women decreased during the periods analyzed, while that for employed women increased from 2005. Meanwhile, the period effect on fertility rates increased regardless of employment status, albeit to a larger degree for employed women. The cohort effect on marriage rates began to decrease from cohorts born in the 1960s for non-employed women, and from cohorts born in the 1970s for employed women. And the degree of the decrease was larger among non-employed women than those employed. Meanwhile, the marriage rate ratio increased from 0.46 (95% CI 0.21, 0.90) in the cohort born between 1946 and 1950 to 1.00 (95% CI 0.45, 1.92) in the cohort born between 1991 and 1995. Finally, the fertility rate ratio increased from 0.31 (95% CI 0.12, 0.69) in the cohort born between 1946 and 1950 to 0.38 (95% CI 0.14, 1.81) in the cohort born between 1991 and 1995.Conclusion　Employment status differences in the marriage rates of unmarried adults and fertility rates of married adults decreased among younger Japanese cohorts and in recent years. By contrast, there were statistically significant differences in fertility rates of married adults based on employment status, even in cohorts born more recently.Objectives　The Japan Health Insurance Association (JHIA) conducts training in each branch facility to improve the ability of public health nurses (PHNs). The headquarters of the PHNs of JHIA and the researchers conducted a training program for leaders of PHNs at each JHIA branch. The goal of the program was to create a training plan using role-play to acquire facilitation skills. This study aimed to examine the effects of training.Methods　The study was designed in accordance with the Instructional Designs. The training goals were as follows (1) understanding the role of facilitation and the facilitator in the debriefing session after the role-play, (2) understanding facilitation techniques, (3) being confident in performing as facilitators in the debriefing session; and (4) conducting the debriefing sessions using facilitation skills. The evaluation of the training was based on the Kirkpatrick model from the viewpoint of confidence in using facilitation, knowledge of facilitation, and conduct of training and icipants responded to the question of the role of the facilitator in role-playing. PF-9366 nmr The descriptions were categorized into "opinions on the basics and planning of role-play training" and "opinions on the roles in retrospectives."Conclusion　The participants evaluated the training contents and the materials used as appropriate, and their knowledge and confidence in facilitation improved after the training. To maintain and improve facilitation skills, the educational system needs to implement training using role-playing at each branch consistently.Objectives　This study aimed to identify how communicative and critical health literacy (CCHL) was associated with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in a regional Japanese community.Methods　A cross-sectional survey was conducted through stratified random sampling to achieve the study objectives. The sample comprised adults aged 20-75 years, residing in Ebetsu in Hokkaido, Japan. Stratification was accomplished by classifying the population into 3 districts of Ebetsu city, with 1,000 people being randomly selected from each district. A self-reporting questionnaire was then administered over July and August 2018 to these 3,000 participants. Ebetsu city officials distributed and collected the questionnaires, delivering anonymized data to the researchers. Of the 1,630 respondents, 8 did not complete the CCHL questionnaire and 43 did not fill the disease status questionnaire, so these were excluded. The final analysis was performed on the responses received from 692 men and 887 women. The CCHL scores were grr prevalence of hypertension than those with the lowest CCHL scores. However, these associations were found to be non-significant after adjusting for confounding factors. Future studies on the association of CCHL with lifestyle disorders should apply a longitudinal design.
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