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Development of new sources and isolation processes has recently enhanced the production of cellulose in many different colloidal states. Even though cellulose is widely used as a functional ingredient in the food industry, the relationship between the colloidal states of cellulose and its applications is mostly unknown. This review covers the recent progress on illustrating various colloidal states of cellulose and the influencing factors with special emphasis on the correlation between the colloidal states of cellulose and its applications in food industry. The associated unique colloidal states of cellulose like high aspect ratio, crystalline structure, surface charge, and wettability not only promote the stability of colloidal systems, but also help improve the nutritional aspects of cellulose by facilitating its interactions with digestive system. Further studies are required for the rational control and improvement of the colloidal states of cellulose and producing food systems with enhanced functional and nutritional properties.The development of multifunctional microwave absorbers that worked in complex environments remains challenging. In this study, oil-in-water Pickering emulsion gelation approach was combined with freeze-drying to prepare foam-based microwave absorbers along with appealing photo-thermal conversion and thermal insulation. In hybrid foam, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and polylactic acid (PLA) serve as three-dimensional skeleton, where carbon nanotubes (CNT) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles are homogeneously incorporated, which forms a conductive network with hetero-interfaces. The optimal reflection loss value of the foam reaches -65.14 dB with a thickness of 3.0 mm. The foam also demonstrate high photo-thermal conversion performance with its surface temperature up to 97 °C after irradiation under 1 Sun for 5 min. Additionally, the foam shows superior thermal insulation comparing with the commercial polyvinyl alcohol and polyurethane foams. This study may offer a promising approach to develop ultralight and high-performance microwave absorber with great potential for multifunctional applications.To fabricate a mucoadhesive hydrogel with superior properties for local delivery of cisplatin (CDDP) to colorectal cancer, a hardcore bottle-brush polymer (HCBBP) was developed through grafting of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) on cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) at 6, 9 and 12 CNCPAA w/w ratios. The developed materials were characterized by acid-base titrations, FT-IR, electron microscopy, muco-rheological behaviour in the presence of mucin, in vitro drug release and anticancer activity against human HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. The results showed CNC-g-PAA9 to have superior rheological behavior in the presence of mucin compared to CNC and other gels under study indicating beneficial mucoadhesive characteristics. CNC-g-PAA9CDDP complex showed slow CDDP release causing a significant increase in IC 50 of the drug (> 3-fold) against HCT116 cells. The developed CNC-PAA9 hydrogel showed no intrinsic cytotoxicity on its own. The results point to a great promise for CNC-g-PAA9 as mucoadhesive hydrogels for local platinum delivery in colorectal cancer.Recently, integration of self-healing, color-tunable, sol-gel converted properties into hydrogel has attracted interest for preparing a reinforced multifunctional hydrogel. Herein, acidochromic regenerated cellulose (ARC) was incorporated into the polyvinyl alcohol/borax (PB) matrix for constructing a tough, self-healing, multicolor and sol-gel converted smart hydrogel (PB/ARC). The mechanical properties of PB/ARC hydrogel were improved after introducing ARC, which could bear a weight of 200 g and had high maximum tensile strength (6.8 times) and compressive strength (2.3 times). PB/ARC hydrogel automatically fused within 15 s after being cut and quickly recovered to the original state after being subjected to high shear strain, showing excellent self-healing ability. The color of hydrogel could be tuned between yellow and purple by altering pH values (5-12). In addition, PB/ARC hydrogel exhibited reversible sol-gel conversion in response to the change of acidity and alkalinity. This study offers a new and facile strategy for developing multifunctional smart hydrogel.Recently, aramid nanofibers (ANFs) have drawn the attention of scientist due to the high mechanical strength, high-temperature resistance, and high electrical and thermal insulation properties. Obatoclax In this work, we aimed at improving the mechanical and ultraviolet shielding properties of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) film by using ANFs as additives. Mechanical results show that the 1.0 % ANFs could improve the tensile strength of pure HEC film by 176.6 %. Meanwhile, the ANFs additives can also enable the HEC film excellent ultraviolet (UV) shielding and visible light transmittance, as well as high UV radiation resistance ability. It is believed that the high mechanical strength of the HEC/ANFs composites is derived from the rearrangement of HEC chains along the tensile direction after the addition of hard ANFs and the enhanced hydrogen bonds between HEC and ANFs.The growth rate of the hydrogel of the aqueous konjac glucomannan (KGM) solution containing sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) dialyzed with aqueous NaOH was investigated in a rectangular cell. The growth rate of the KGM-STMP gel depended on both the KGM and STMP concentrations in addition to the NaOH concentration. The initial growth rate of the KGM-STMP gel was closely related to the diffusion of NaOH into the KGM-STMP solution, leading to the ring-opening reaction of STMP and the deacetylation of KGM at the interface. The time course of the gelation of the KGM-STMP solution was analyzed on the basis of the moving boundary picture theory by introducing the characteristic length to express the consumption of NaOH in the gel layer accompanying the decomposition of STMP. Dynamic mechanical measurements were performed to compare the gelation of the KGM-STMP solution mixed homogeneously with dilute NaOH and the gel dynamics by the dialysis method.In crystalline cellulose I, all glucan chains are ordered from reducing ends to non-reducing ends. Thus, the polarity of individual chains is added forming a large dipole within the crystal. If one can engineer unidirectional alignment (parallel packing) of cellulose crystals, then it might be possible to utilize the material properties originating from polar crystalline structures. However, most post-synthesis manipulation methods reported so far can only achieve the uniaxial alignment with bi-directionality (antiparallel packing). Here, we report a method to induce the parallel packing of bacterial cellulose microfibrils by applying unidirectional shear stress during the synthesis and deposition through the rising bubble stream in a culture medium. Driving force for the alignment is explained with mathematical estimation of the shear stress. Evidences of the parallel alignment of crystalline cellulose Iα domains were obtained using nonlinear optical spectroscopy techniques.
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