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Weight gain through double being pregnant along with beneficial having a baby final results in Japan: Any retrospective exploration for new standards according to perinatal personal computer registry files.
Bile is considered sterile, but in obstructed biliary system, growth of micro-organisms results in bacteraemia and toxaemia. We analysed bacterial profile of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and evaluated antibiotic resistance patterns to formulate strategy for antibiotics in patients undergoing ERCP.

Patients with cholestasis who underwent ERCP were enrolled. Bile, collected aseptically, was cultured. Positive cultures were processed for isolate identification and antibiotic susceptibility.

One hundred and sixty-three patients (78 females; mean age - 55.1 ± 15.8 years) were enrolled and divided into two groups Group I (n = 99) were naïve and Group II (n = 64) had undergone ERCP and stenting previously. Positive culture was seen in 68.1% (n = 111) with monomicrobial growth in 74.8% (n = 83) and poly-microbial growth in 25.2% (n = 28). Culture positivity was common in Group II vis-a-vis Group I (84.4% vs. 57.5%). Poly-microbial growth was significantly more commonty and may be used empirically. However, previously stented patients may have a higher incidence of infection with Enterococcus spp. and may require specific therapy.
In cases of sputum smear-negative and sputum-scarce (SSN/SC) pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid may be helpful in establishing diagnosis. No specific recommendations for BAL samples have yet been formulated due to limited literature.

1. To find a sensitive and specific protocol for same-day diagnosis of PTB using BAL in SSN/SC clinically suspected patients. 2. To evaluate the need to routinely perform MGIT for all BAL samples.

Prospective observational study design in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi.

Fibreoptic bronchoscopy was performed and BAL collected from 175 clinically suspected SSN/SC PTB patients. BAL samples were subjected to ZN Stain, Xpert MTB/RIF CBNAAT, BACTEC MGIT 960 liquid culture and M.tuberculosis complex DNA Real time PCR. The results of the various diagnostic tests were analysed using a) MGIT as gold standard and b) a composite reference standard (CRS) for a final diagnosis of PTB.

Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS version 21.0 were used. SensitiviPTB diagnosis. CBNAAT is useful for ruling PTB in even when BAL cultures are negative. It is prudent to continue to routinely perform MGIT for all BAL samples.
To describe demographics, risk factors, antibiotic susceptibility, management and outcomes of ocular infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM).

A retrospective review of medical case records and microbiology records of patients with ocular infections that were culture positive for non-tuberculous Mycobacteria from January 2014 to December 2018 was done. Antibiotic susceptibility profile was done based on the CLSI guidelines. Laboratory diagnosis for the NTM Species was done by conventional microbiological methods. The species identification was done for stored isolated utilizing polymerase chain reaction targeting 16S rDNA and rpoB gene, followed by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.

Twenty patients with NTM ocular infections were identified during the study period. A majority of cases presented as 12 infectious keratitis (60%) and three suture-related corneal infiltrates (15%). Common risk factors were history of trauma in 9 (45%) patients and history of ocular surgery in 5 (25%) por better clinical outcomes. Selleckchem Ibrutinib Prior ocular trauma, prior ocular surgery and presence of biomaterials were the major predisposing factors. Earlier surgical intervention in cases where abscesses or biomaterials are involved, is necessary for rapid recovery.
The purpose of this study is to determine the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, and treatment outcome of molecularly diagnosed Periconia keratitis.

Clinical records of all culture proven fungal ulcers with molecular identification suggestive of Periconia species who presented to a single tertiary referral center from January 2012 to December 2013 were retrospectively analysed.

Among 1356 cases of keratomycosis, 8 (0.6%) patients were affected due to Periconia species. The mean age of presentation was 59 years with males (n = 6; 75%) were more commonly affected than females (n = 2; 25%). Significant history of trauma was present only in one patient. The infiltrate size was less than 5 mm in majority of patients 75% (n = 6). 50% (n = 4) responded to antifungal, 12.5% (n = 1) responded to antibacterial, 12.5% (n = 1) required therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty, 25% (n = 2) lost to follow up after first visit. The mean duration of treatment in healed cases was 20 days.

This is the first report on Periconia sp causing human corneal ulcer. This study signifies the importance of molecular identification in the diagnosis of rare fungi which will improve our understanding on disease pathology and outcome. Visual prognosis appears good if the infection is diagnosed and topical antifungal interventions started early.
This is the first report on Periconia sp causing human corneal ulcer. This study signifies the importance of molecular identification in the diagnosis of rare fungi which will improve our understanding on disease pathology and outcome. Visual prognosis appears good if the infection is diagnosed and topical antifungal interventions started early.
Though preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) has been suggested to be linked with increased perioperative morbidity it is still practiced commonly. We studied the association of PBD and positive biliary culture with surgical site infection and also analysed the common pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity spectrum.

Prospectively maintained data of patients who underwent various pancreatobiliary surgeries from 2017 to 2019 was analysed. Patients whose intraoperative bile culture reports were available were included in the study. Various factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI), microbial spectrum of bile culture and their sensitivity pattern were analysed.

Out of 68 patients whose bile culture report were available, PBD was done in 65% (n = 44). Among patients with infected bile (n = 51), biliary stent was present in 78.4% (n = 40). On univariate analysis, the factors associated with SSI were low albumin level (<3.5 mg%), long operative time (>6 h), duration of abdominal drain (>4 days), length of hospital stay, intraoperative bile spillage and infected bile.
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