Notes

A new conserved epitope III about hepatitis D virus E2 necessary protein features alternative conformations facilitating cellular holding or virus neutralization.
To perform a quantitative olfactory test in positive COVID19 RT-PCR admitted patients and asymptomatic ones, to evaluate the association between hyposmia and disease severity. This is a Cross sectional study. Ninety-one patients including 68 inpatients and 23 asymptomatic healthcare workers with positive COVID-19 RT-PCRs. Methods Demographics and clinical characteristics were collected. Iran Smell Identification Test (IR-SIT), a highly accurate 6-odorant test was used to evaluate the reliability of self-reported hyposmia and determine the correlation of the measured olfactory dysfunction with disease severity. Twenty-two of 91 patients (24%) reported hyposmia, while 41/91 (45%) patients had measurable olfactory dysfunction (IR-SIT score 1-4, p  less then  0.05). Mean age of the 68 inpatients and 23 asymptomatic patients were 43.97 ± 16.13 years; MF 4325, and 43.87 ± 12.76 years; MF 815 respectively. Of 68 patients, 20 were graded as severe, and 48/68 had mild course of disease. IR-SIT detected hyposmia in 80% of patients with severe disease, and 50% with mild disease, respectively. The risk of disease severity was significantly increased for patients with olfactory dysfunction and was detected 4 times higher when compared to patients with mild disease (OR 4, 95% CI 1.166-13.728, p = 0.028). Olfactory Dysfunction was present in 80% of patients with severe course. The risk of disease severity is significantly increased with olfactory dysfunction in admitted patients.Human echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection transmitted by dogs in livestock-raising areas. We present a case of a 30-year-old female with respiratory symptoms.Cysticercosis, an infection caused by the larval stage of tapeworm Taenia solium, is the most common parasitic disease of the human nervous system and the single most common cause of acquired epileptic seizures in the developing world. Here, we describe the stormy course of a 67-year-old female with neurocysticercosis (NCC) having a recurrent encephalitic presentation. She went through the most severe spectrum of this disease, namely NCC encephalitis and disseminated cysticercosis and had a classical starry sky brain in neuroimaging. In contrary to the popular practice of avoiding antihelminthic drugs in such extreme presentation, as a desperate measure, we had to use albendazole in this case, which showed clinical and radiological improvement.Dipylidium caninum is a rare cestode infection in India, only previously reported in children. We herein report the case of a 50-year-old female from India who presented with a 1-year history of abdominal pain associated with vomiting, cough, and passing worm segments in stool. She had been treated with albendazole without benefit. A stool examination revealed proglottids and egg clusters of D. caninum. She was treated with praziquental 600 mg once daily for 5 days. At follow-up a month later, she had recovered completely, and repeat stool examination was negative for proglottids and eggs. Dipylidiasis can rarely occur among adults in India and present with abdominal pain and cough.A case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in a 47-year-old male is described. The disease may have been contracted during bathing. The source of water was from a pond. The clinical presentation, the isolation of the ameba from the cerebrospinal fluid, and the response to amphotericin B are all consistent with the diagnosis of PAM. To our knowledge, this is the first case of PAM to be reported in Tamil Nadu, India.Ophthalmomyiasis is the infestation of ocular structures by fly larvae (maggots). Oestrus ovis is common among them. This is usually observed in rural areas, but a case presented here is from the urban areas. Depending on the species of larvae and ocular structure involved, manifestations vary from self-limiting condition to optic nerve involvement which may lead to blindness, and hence, identification and prompt management is necessary. This case report alerts the ophthalmologists from the urban areas to consider time management and also microbiologists for rapid identification.A 32-year-old multiparous rural woman having 26 weeks of pregnancy with giant uterine fibroid extending up to the cervix had stillbirth 2 weeks back and left hospital against medical advice. She was readmitted in emergency with necrotic prolapsed uterine fibroid with offensive vaginal bleeding. On examination, the patient had necrotic prolapsed fibroid with very offensive bloody discharge and a large number of larvae of Dermatobia hominis (human botfly) were crawling in necrotic tissue. The location of this infestation at genital region is an extremely rare occurrence in postdelivery patients.
mites are tiny parasites that live around hair follicles of mammals. The two main species of
i.e.
and
brevis present in humans are found near the hair follicles of eyes. The present study was to understand the presence of
mites in people suffering from blepharitis in Amritsar, Punjab.

mites samples present in blepharitis patients were isolated from the eyelashes. DNA was isolated from three mites and used for PCR amplification of mitochondrial (mt) 16S rDNA. The amplified PCR product were purified and used for molecular identification.

The amplified mt16s rDNA product was sequenced and subjected to BLAST search in the NCBI database for molecular identification. The identified mite belongs to
folliculorum species. The phylogenetic tree constructed by using mt16s rDNA sequence suggests that
is closer to
than to
.

All the three isolates belong to
and the mitochondrial DNA 16S rDNA partial sequence is applicable for phylogenetic relationship analysis.
All the three isolates belong to D. folliculorum and the mitochondrial DNA 16S rDNA partial sequence is applicable for phylogenetic relationship analysis.
In recent years, resurgence of mosquito-borne diseases has become a serious health problem in India. CWI1-2 in vivo In the present study,
, a common indigenous fish, has been tested for its biocontrol potentiality for controlling
larvae. This small larvivorous fish can consume large number of
larvae even in the presence of alternate prey. This is the first report on the mosquito control ability of this fish.

Experimental fishes were captured from tidal canals of Rupnarayan River in Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal. Mosquito larvae, pupae, and chironomid larvae were collected from Tamralipta municipality drainage system. Predation efficacy of the fish was evaluated on
larvae and pupae as well as on
larvae which were collected from the drainage system of Tamralipta municipality and reared in the laboratory maintaining similar water parameters. Prey were offered to the fish separately and in paired combination to study its dietary preference.

is a diurnal predator consuming significantly large number of prey during daytime.
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