Notes

A New Diterpene Glycoside: 15α-Hydroxy-Rebaudioside Mirielle Separated through Stevia sweetener rebaudiana.
o discriminate between a wide range of varieties Figures confirm that genetic non conformity of coffee varieties can represent up to 61% of checked samples.
While C. arabica is primarily self-pollinating, even fixed line varieties appear to be drifting away from their original genetic reference due to uncontrolled cross pollination. A set of 8 SSR markers applied to the largest possible genetically diverse set of samples prove to discriminate between a wide range of varieties Figures confirm that genetic non conformity of coffee varieties can represent up to 61% of checked samples.
The 3M™ Petrifilm™ Rapid E. CDK4/6IN6 coli/Coliform Count Plate is a selective and differential sample-ready-culture medium designed for the rapid enumeration of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and coliforms in the food and beverage industries.

The 3M Petrifilm Rapid E. coli/Coliform Count Plate was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Chapter 4 Enumeration of Escherichia coli and the Coliform Bacteria, the International Organization of Standards (ISO) 48322006 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Horizontal method for the enumeration of coliforms-Colony-count technique, and ISO 16649-22017 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs-Horizontal method for the enumeration of beta-glucuronidase-positive Escherichia coli-Part 2 Colony-count technique at 44 degrees C using bromo-4-chloro-3- indolyl beta-D-glucuronide methods for the enumeration of E. coli and coliforms in dry dog kibble.

The candidate method was evaluated using two diluents, Butterfield's phosphate buffered diluent and peptone salt solution, in a paired study design with each reference method in a multi-laboratory collaborative study following the current AOAC Validation Guidelines. Three target contamination levels and an uninoculated control level were evaluated.

The candidate and reference methods were not statistically different at each contamination level. Reproducibility values obtained during the collaborative study were similar between the candidate and reference methods.

These results demonstrate that the candidate method is equivalent to the reference methods.

3M Petrifilm Rapid E. coli/Coliform Count Plate was recommended for Official First Action status for enumeration of E. coli and coliforms in a broad range of foods and environmental surfaces.
3M Petrifilm Rapid E. coli/Coliform Count Plate was recommended for Official First Action status for enumeration of E. coli and coliforms in a broad range of foods and environmental surfaces.As one of the most consumed beverages in the world, coffee plays many major socioeconomical roles in various regions. Because of the wide coffee varieties available in the marketplaces, and the substantial price gaps between them (e.g., Arabica versus Robusta; speciality versus commodity coffees), coffees are susceptible to intentional or accidental adulteration. Therefore, there is a sustaining interest from the producers and regulatory agents to develop protocols to detect fraudulent practices. In general, strategies to authenticate coffee are based on targeted chemical profile analyses to determine specific markers of adulterants, or nontargeted analyses based on the "fingerprinting" concept. This paper reviews the literature related to chemometric approaches to discriminate coffees based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, chromatography, infrared/Raman spectroscopy, and array sensors/indicators. In terms of chemical profiling, the paper focuses on the detection of diterpenes, homostachydrine, phenolic acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and deoxyribonucleic acid. Finally, the prospects of coffee authentication are discussed.
Coffee is a popular beverage with two species, Coffea canephora and C. arabica, being commercially exploited. The quality and commercial value of coffee is dependent on species and processing. C. arabica typically obtains a higher price on the market compared to C. canephora. Coffee beans undergo roasting during processing, resulting in the formation of flavor compounds including furfuryl alcohol which has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

The aim of this study was to identify coffee species and other properties using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, specifically to conduct quantification of the roasting process contaminant furfuryl alcohol.

The quantification of furfuryl alcohol was performed from the NMR spectra using the pulse length-based concentration (PULCON) methodology. Prior to NMR analysis, samples were extracted using deuterated chloroform.

Roasting experiments identified the maximum roasting temperature to be the most significant factor in the formation of furfuryl alcohol. Among the coffee species, C. canephora was found to contain a relatively lower amount of furfuryl alcohol compared to C. arabica. The roasting of wet processed coffee resulted in higher contents of furfuryl alcohol. Geographical origin and variety within species had no influence on the furfuryl alcohol content.

Validation results show that NMR spectroscopy is fit-for-purpose to obtain targeted information of coffee samples.

The PULCON NMR methodology allows a simple, rapid and accurate determination of constituents of coffee.
The PULCON NMR methodology allows a simple, rapid and accurate determination of constituents of coffee.
Reports of incidents associated with the misrepresentation of food products as well as the adulteration of their composition leading, at times, to significant public health impacts are being recorded.

This paper aims at summarizing the outputs of three workshops dedicated to the theme "Global Understanding of Food Fraud" (GUFF), held in Quebec City in Canada (April 2017), Beijing in the People's Republic of China (October 2017) and Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (October 2018).

Based on the contributions made at these workshops, the paper reviews current knowledge related to food fraud shared by experts and stakeholders representing the food industry sector, food regulators both domestically and internationally and scientists from Academia. It also discusses approaches available to the industry across the food supply chain to predict, prevent, and possibly mitigate food fraud, inclusive of targeted and non-targeted methods of analysis.

The paper offers a discussion on areas warranting the mobilization of efforts and resources of the food stakeholder community to reach consistent and accessible guidance on food fraud prevention, validated analytical methods along with an increased emphasis on prevention in food regulatory measures targeting food fraud.
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