Notes

Occurrence of obtained ventricular septal problem soon after transcatheter aortic control device substitution: A large single centre encounter.
A robust and portable expression system is of great importance in enzyme production, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology, which maximizes the performance of the engineered system. In this study, a tailor-made cobalt-induced expression system (CIES) was developed for low-cost and eco-friendly nitrile hydratase (NHase) production. First, the strong promoter Pveg from Bacillus subtilis, the Ni(II)/Co(II) responsive repressor RcnR, and its operator were reorganized to construct a CIES. In this system, the expression of reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP) was specifically triggered by Co(II) over a broad range of concentration. The performance of the cobalt-induced system was evolved to version 2.0 (CIES 2.0) for adaptation to different concentrations of Co(II) through programming a homeostasis system that rebalances cobalt efflux and influx with RcnA and NiCoT, respectively. Harnessing these synthetic platforms, the induced expression of NHase was coupled with enzyme maturation by Co(II) in a synchronizable manner without requiring additional inducers, which is a unique feature relative to other induced systems for production of NHase. The yield of NHase was 111.2 ± 17.9 U/ml using CIES and 114.9 ± 1.4 U/ml using CIES 2.0, which has a producing capability equivalent to that of commonly used isopropyl thiogalactoside (IPTG)-induced systems. In a scale-up system using a 5-L fermenter, the yielded enzymatic activity reached 542.2 ± 42.8 U/ml, suggesting that the designer platform for NHase is readily applied to the industry. The design of CIES in this study not only provided a low-cost and eco-friendly platform to overproduce NHase but also proposed a promising pipeline for development of synthetic platforms for expression of metalloenzymes. Copyright © 2020 Han, Cui, Lin, Chen, Suo, Ma, Wang, Hao, Cheng and Zhou.Although relatively rare, major trauma to the tracheal region of the airways poses a significant clinical challenge with few effective treatments. Bioengineering and regenerative medicine strategies have the potential to create biocompatible, implantable biomaterial scaffolds, with the capacity to restore lost tissue with functional neo-trachea. The main goal of this study was to develop a nanofibrous polycaprolactone-chitosan (PCL-Chitosan) scaffold loaded with a signaling molecule, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), as a novel biomaterial approach for tracheal tissue engineering. Using the Spraybase® electrospinning platform, polymer concentration, solvent selection, and instrument parameters were optimized to yield a co-polymer with nanofibers of 181-197 nm in diameter that mimicked tracheobronchial tissue architecture. Thereafter, scaffolds were assessed for their biocompatibility and capacity to induce mucociliary functionalization using the Calu-3 cell line. PCL-Chitosan scaffolds were found to be biocompatible in nature and support Calu-3 cell viability over a 14 day time period. Additionally, the inclusion of atRA did not compromise Calu-3 cell viability, while still achieving an efficient encapsulation of the signaling molecule over a range of atRA concentrations. atRA release from scaffolds led to an increase in mucociliary gene expression at high scaffold loading doses, with augmented MUC5AC and FOXJ1 detected by RT-PCR. Overall, this scaffold integrates a synthetic polymer that has been used in human tracheal stents, a natural polymer generally regarded as safe (GRAS), and a drug with decades of use in patients. Coupled with the scalable nature of electrospinning as a fabrication method, all of these characteristics make the biomaterial outlined in this study amenable as an implantable device for an unmet clinical need in tracheal replacement. Copyright © 2020 O'Leary, Soriano, Fagan-Murphy, Ivankovic, Cavanagh, O'Brien and Cryan.Introduction Parkinson's disease hinders the ability of a person to perform daily activities. However, the varying impact of specific symptoms and their interactions on a person's motor repertoire is not understood. The current study investigates the possibility to predict global motor disabilities based on the patient symptomatology and medication. Methods A cohort of 115 patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (mean age = 67.0 ± 8.7 years old) participated in the study. Participants performed different tasks, including the Timed-Up & Go, eating soup and the Purdue Pegboard test. ACT001 in vitro Performance on these tasks was judged using timing, number of errors committed, and count achieved. K-means method was used to cluster the overall performance and create different motor performance groups. Symptomatology was objectively assessed for each participant from a combination of wearable inertial sensors (bradykinesia, tremor, dyskinesia) and clinical assessment (rigidity, postural instability). A multinomial regression model was derived to predict the performance cluster membership based on the patients' symptomatology, socio-demographics information and medication. Results Clustering exposed four distinct performance groups normal behavior, slightly affected in fine motor tasks, affected only in TUG, and affected in all areas. The statistical model revealed that low to moderate level of dyskinesia increased the likelihood of being in the normal group. A rise in postural instability and rest tremor increase the chance to be affected in TUG. Finally, LEDD did not help distinguishing between groups, but the presence of Amantadine as part of the medication regimen appears to decrease the likelihood of being part of the groups affected in TUG. Conclusion The approach allowed to demonstrate the potential of using clinical symptoms to predict the impact of Parkinson's disease on a person's mobility performance. Copyright © 2020 Lebel, Duval, Goubault, Bogard and Blanchet.Despite the steady increase in the number of studies focusing on the development of tissue engineered constructs, solutions delivered to the clinic are still limited. Specifically, the lack of mature and functional vasculature greatly limits the size and complexity of vascular scaffold models. If tissue engineering aims to replace large portions of tissue with the intention of repairing significant defects, a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms and players regulating the angiogenic process is required in the field. This review will present the current material and technological advancements addressing the imperfect formation of mature blood vessels within tissue engineered structures. Copyright © 2020 Mastrullo, Cathery, Velliou, Madeddu and Campagnolo.
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