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EGY3 mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis as well as helps bring about retrograde signaling in response to sea strain within Arabidopsis.
[Research in Gerontological Nursing, xx(x), xx-xx.]. Copyright 2020, SLACK Incorporated.BACKGROUND While Acute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly reported following Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT), the incidence and impact of AKI on mortality among patients undergoing HCT are not well described. We conducted this systematic review to assess the incidence and impact of AKI on mortality risk among patients undergoing HCT. METHODS Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Databases were searched from database inceptions through August 2019 to identify studies assessing the incidence of AKI and mortality risk among adult patients who developed AKI following HCT. Random-effects and generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian-Laird were used to combine the effect estimates obtained from individual studies. RESULTS We included thirty six cohort studies with a total of 5,144 patients undergoing HCT. Overall, the pooled estimated incidence of AKI and severe AKI (AKI stage III) were 55.1% (95%CI 46.6%-63.3%) and 8.3% (95%CI 6.0%-11.4%), respectively. The pooled estimated incidence of AKI using contemporary AKI definitions (RIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO criteria) was 49.8% (95%CI 41.6%-58.1%). There was no significant correlation between study year and the incidence of AKI (p = 0.12) or severe AKI (p = 0.97). The pooled odds ratios (ORs) of 3-month mortality and 3-year mortality among patients undergoing HCT with AKI were 3.05 (95% CI, 2.07-4.49) and 2.23 (95% CI, 1.06-4.73), respectively. CONCLUSION The incidence of AKI among patients who undergo HCT remains high, and it has not changed over the years despite advances in medicine. AKI after HCT is associated with increased short- and long-term mortality. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email [email protected] can use different types of gaits to move on the ground they either walk, hop, or run. Although velocity can easily explain a preference for running, it remains unclear what drives a bird species to favour hopping over walking. As many hopping birds are relatively small and arboreal, we wanted to test the link between size, arboreality and hopping ability. First, we carried out ancestral character state reconstructions of size range, hopping ability and habitat traits on over 1000 species of birds. We found that both hopping ability and arboreality were derived and significantly correlated traits in avian evolution. Second, we tested the influence of hopping ability on the morphology of the lower appendicular skeleton by quantifying the shape differences of the pelvis and the three long bones of the hind limbs in 47 avian species with different habitats and gait preferences. We used geometric morphometrics on 3D landmarks, digitized on micro-CT and surface scans of the pelvis, femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus. Locomotion habits significantly influence the conformation of the pelvis, especially at the origin of hip and knee muscle extensors. Interestingly, habitat, more than locomotion habits, significantly changed tarsometatarsus conformation. The morphology of the distal part of the tarsometatarsus constrains digit orientation, which leads to a greater ability to perch, an advantageous trait in arboreality. The results of this work suggest an arboreal origin of hopping and illuminate the evolution of avian terrestrial locomotion. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email [email protected] Multimodal analgesia has gained popularity in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but large multicenter studies evaluating specific analgesic combinations are lacking. DESIGN A retrospective study using the Premier Healthcare Database (2009-2014). SUBJECTS Adults who underwent elective primary THA or TKA. METHODS We categorized day-of-surgery analgesic exposure using eight mutually exclusive categories acetaminophen (Ac), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ns), gabapentinoids (Ga; gabapentin or pregabalin), Ac+Ns, Ac+Ga, Ns+Ga, Ac+Ns+Ga, and none of the three drugs. Multilevel models measured associations of the analgesic categories with a composite of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). RESULTS Among 863,139 patients, 75.2% received at least one of the three drugs. SP 600125 negative control In multilevel models, compared with none of the three drugs, Ga use was associated with increased odds of PPCs when used alone (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27 to 1.44), combined with Ac (aOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.26), or combined with Ns (aOR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.34). In contrast, the Ac+Ns pair was associated with decreased odds of PPCs (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.83 to 0.90) and lower opioid consumption. Ac+Ns+Ga was not associated with PPCs, whereas it was associated with the lowest opioid consumption on the day of surgery. CONCLUSIONS Gabapentinoids, alone and in single combination with either acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, were associated with higher PPCs, whereas the Ac+Ns pair was associated with fewer PPCs and an opioid-sparing effect. Ac+Ns+Ga was not associated with PPCs, whereas it was associated with the lowest opioid consumption on the day of surgery. © 2020 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] To reduce the rising incidence of clinical impairment due to Alzheimer disease, it is essential to define older adults at highest risk. Widowhood may be an unrecognized factor contributing to accelerated clinical progression along the Alzheimer disease pathway among cognitively unimpaired older adults. Objective To determine whether widowhood status and level of brain β-amyloid (ie, the Alzheimer disease pathologic protein) are additively or interactively associated with cognitive decline among cognitively unimpaired older adults. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, 257 married, widowed, and unmarried (ie, never married, divorced, or separated) participants from the Harvard Aging Brain Study longitudinal cohort underwent baseline evaluation of neocortical β-amyloid levels using Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography and 4 annual cognitive assessments. Data were collected from September 2010 to February 2017 and analyzed from July 2018 to July 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Cognitive performance was measured using the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite.
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