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luded in the model. Conclusion Our findings stress the importance of heightened awareness of FRAC in college.
Fear of negative evaluation (FNE) is a key trait of social anxiety and has been linked to isolation and low self-esteem. Impulsivity has been shown to amplify the risk of socially anxious individuals engaging in risky behaviors such as suicidal behaviors; yet little research has examined associations between FNE and suicidality or the relationship between FNE and impulsivity.
This study tested whether FNE was associated with suicidal ideation in a sample of 1,816 college students from 10 universities. Analyses also examined whether impulsivity-like traits moderated the relationship between FNE and suicidal ideation.
Results showed that FNE was significantly associated with suicidal ideation and the positive association between FNE and suicidal ideation was strongest among individuals with higher negative urgency and lower perseverance.
These findings highlight FNE as an important risk factor of suicidal ideation in college students and illuminates potential influence of impulsivity on this relationence of impulsivity on this relationship.Background Previous research has linked the internalization of shame and negative stereotypes associated with substance use to increased severity of substance use problems (i.e., negative consequences associated with alcohol and drug use, including occupational or relational difficulties and illegal behavior). However, little work has examined how other aspects of substance-use-related stigma (e.g., encounters with and anticipation of discrimination) might be related to the severity of substance use problems. Further, the psychological mechanisms through which stigma drives substance use problems remain poorly understood. Addressing these key limitations, the current study examined the role of executive functioning (EF) deficits in the relation between substance-use-related stigma and severity of substance use problems. Methods In fall 2019, adults exposed to trauma who use substances were recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 320, 46.9% women) and completed self-report measures of substance-use-related stigma, EF deficits, and substance use problems. Results Substance-use-related stigma was positively associated with EF deficits, which in turn related to substance use problems. Substance-use-related stigma was also indirectly associated with substance use problems through EF deficits, suggesting that EF deficits accounted for the significant association between substance-use-related stigma and substance use problems. Conclusions These findings provide initial support for the role of EF deficits as a mechanism through which stigma drives substance use problems among individuals exposed to trauma. Results underscore the potential utility of addressing stigma coping and EF deficits in interventions aimed at preventing and treating substance use disorders.Background Opioid overdose deaths continue to rise nationally. The demand for naloxone, the opioid overdose antidote, is outpacing the supply. With increasing naloxone requests, tools to prioritize distribution are critical to ensure available supplies will reach those at highest risk of overdose. Methods We developed a standardized "Naloxone Request Form" (NRF) and corresponding weighted prioritization algorithm to serve as decisional aid to better enable grant staff to prioritize naloxone distribution in a data-driven manner. The algorithm computed raw priority scores for each agency, which were then separated into the predetermined quintiles. Historical naloxone distribution decisions were compared with agencies' prioritization quintile. Results Results demonstrated that the NRF and corresponding algorithm was successful at prioritizing agencies based on potential impact. Although, overall, naloxone was distributed more heavily to the agencies deemed highest priority, our algorithm identified significant shortcomings of the "first come, first served" method of distribution we had initially deployed. Conclusions This work has laid the foundation to use this tool prospectively to allow for data-driven decision-making for naloxone distribution. Our tool is flexible and can be customized to best fit the needs of a variety of programs and locations to ensure the distribution of limited supplies of naloxone have the greatest impact.Background The opioid epidemic is a public health emergency in the US. Alcohol is the most widely used addictive substance among all age groups; however, the contribution of different alcohol use trajectories throughout adolescence and young adulthood to the development of opioid misuse in young adulthood among urban minority youth has not been investigated. Methods Data are from a study of 580 youth (85% African American, 67% low SES) residing in Baltimore City followed from ages 6-26. Alcohol trajectories were identified between ages 14 and 26 using group-based trajectory modeling. learn more Opioid misuse was defined as using opioid painkillers without a prescription or using heroin between ages 19 and 26. Opioid misuse outcomes were also investigated separately. Logistic regression examined associations of alcohol trajectories with opioid misuse in young adulthood adjusting for socio-demographics, early use of tobacco and cannabis, neighborhood, and peer factors. Results Six alcohol use trajectories were identified Young adult increasing (21.4%), adult increasing (19.1%), abstaining (19.1%), experimenting (15.3%), adolescent increasing (14.8%), and adolescent limited (10.2%). In models fully adjusted for covariates, relative to the abstaining trajectory, the adolescent increasing trajectory was associated with an elevated risk of opioid misuse (aOR = 3.3, 95%CI = 1.4, 7.8) and prescription opioid misuse (aOR = 3.9, 95%CI = 1.4, 10.8) in young adulthood. Conclusions Escalating alcohol use in adolescence and young adulthood is associated with an elevated risk of opioid misuse in young adulthood in a cohort of predominantly African American and socio-economically disadvantaged young people. Tailored interventions should target high levels of alcohol use during these developmental periods to reduce risk for opioid misuse among disadvantaged youth.
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