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The main treatments for adding are medication and psychosocial therapy (psychotherapy). These medications include stimulants like amphetamine and methylphenidate, as well as non-stimulants like atomoxetine and viloxazine, guanfacine, clonidine and gu.

Stimulant medications should not be used in patients with active addiction issues, but they are a possibility for those who are in stable recovery. Combination therapy using antidepressants, particularly SSRIs, is an alternative option.

Stimulants

The effects of stimulants increase the levels dopamine and norepinephrine in brain synapses. This improves concentration and decreases hyperactivity and impulsivity. Most doctors prescribe medications from the stimulant class to treat ADHD. They can prescribe methylphenidate (Concerta or Ritalin) or amphetamines. Both are similar medications. The type of medicine prescribed depends on the biochemistry of each patient and how they react to it. It could take anywhere from five to seven days before the full effects of the medication are evident. Improved concentration, better memory, improved sleep, and less the tendency to be impulsive are all indications that the medicine is working.

The medicines in this class may have adverse effects, including reduced appetite and difficulty sleeping, and they can increase heart rate and blood pressure. Some people who have a medical condition such as high blood pressure or heart disease should not use these medications. They are highly prone for abuse and are closely controlled drugs. Only psychiatrists or pediatricians or in certain cases general practitioners, are able to prescribe stimulants. They are available in the form of tablets, pills patches, or patches that are applied to the skin or in liquids.

Children and adolescents who use stimulants are often affected by weight loss and eating disorders. If the dosage is excessive, they could also develop symptoms of tics. In this situation, the doctor will reduce the dose to prevent the symptoms from getting worse.

Around 70 to 80% children and adults with ADHD are treated with stimulant medication. A majority of children and young adults find that their symptoms improve with treatment. This is especially relevant for children who have parents, teachers, or caregivers who have reported improvements.

The early use of stimulants can lower the risk of developing addiction disorders later in life. Wilens Katusic, Wilens, and colleagues81,82 and Biederman and colleagues83 discovered that treatment with stimulants reduces the risk of developing substance use disorders during adolescence. However, this protective effect fades as we enter early adulthood.

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