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Examining medical start alter using surface topography: anterior scoliosis a static correction as a product to evaluate curve development.
04 mm and 0.01 mm for the Halcyon and TrueBeam respectively. Thanks to the O-ring design, the Halcyon achieved 0.035° in mean RMS error in gantry angle compared with the 0.065° of the TrueBeam. Overall mechanical errors introduced similar levels of dose-volume parameter variations (about 0.1%) on both Linacs. CONCLUSION The Halcyon TDS can achieve similar mechanical leaf positioning accuracy compared with the TrueBeam TDS with a doubled delivery speed. In terms of dosimetric accuracy, The DVP standard deviations on the studied TB are generally larger than that on the Halcyon. INTRODUCTION Splenic disease are uncommon and primary tumors of the spleen are very rare. These are classified as splenic cyst, benign and malignant tumors. Splenic lymphangioma is a rare, slow-growing benign tumor of the spleen. More often seen in children, it is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system and is rarely seen in adulthood. When present in adults, it is usually asymptomatic and would be incidentally detected through imaging studies. Infrequently, some patients would present with abdominal pain, distension, nausea, and may have palpable abdominal mass. It may be solitary or may have multiple splenic lesions. PRESENTATION OF CASE We present of a case of splenic mass in a 56-year old female, which remained undetected until incidentally discovered on work-up for chronic back pain. Laparoscopic splenectomy was eventually performed with eventual resolution of the chronic back pain. Histopathologic examination revealed splenic lymphangioma. see more DISCUSSION Splenic tumors are uncommon. Splenic lymphangiomas presenting in adulthood are extremely rare, and preoperative diagnosis may be difficult in asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSION Surgical removal of splenic lymphangiomas may be necessary to relieve symptoms, prevent complications and confirm diagnosis. INTRODUCTION We encountered a case of a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with bronchial intraepithelial spread, a unique form of recurrence. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 63-year-old man underwent middle lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection for lung cancer. The pathological diagnosis was a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and the pathological stage of the tumor was T2aN0M0, stage IB. At 30 months after surgery, the patient complained of continuous cough, and computed tomography revealed a thickened right upper bronchus. Transbronchial biopsy revealed a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with bronchial intraepithelial recurrence. The patient died of disease 24 months after recurrence was diagnosed. DISCUSSION In cases of centrally located small cell lung carcinoma, it is well known that tumor cells progress along the sub-bronchial mucosa. In contrast, the mechanism of tumor progression of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is not fully elucidated because of the rarity of such cases. Endobronchial metastases usually show the presence of polypoid lesions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of endobronchial metastasis from a pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma showing bronchial intraepithelial recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be aware of this unique form of recurrence in patients with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lungs. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive immunochromatographic test system for the detection of lincomycin (LIN), which belongs to the lincosamide group of antibiotics and contaminates food products of animal origin. Two formats of immunochromatographic analysis (ICA) based on different approaches of introducing gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as a label were compared. It was demonstrated that an indirect ICA method where GNPs were conjugated with anti-species antibodies allowed the achievement of both instrumental and visual detection limits of LIN almost two orders of magnitude lower than those achieved in the standard direct ICA format. In the optimized conditions, the developed indirect ICA allowed for the detection of LIN within 15 min, with instrumental and visual detection limits of 8 pg/mL and 0.8 ng/mL. The assay showed 40% cross-reactivity to clindamycin (CLIN) as a structural analogue of LIN, with no interaction with antibiotics from other classes. The developed ICA was applied for LIN detection in a panel of food products. No treatment of cow milk was necessary before the analysis. For chicken eggs and honey, a simple procedure of preliminary sample preparation was developed, which fully prevented a matrix influence on the assay results. It was demonstrated that ICA could detect LIN in food products while preserving the same analytical characteristics as in the buffer. The analytical recoveries of LIN in foodstuffs were 93.8-125% with coefficients of variations of 5.3-14.0%. Diet has a strong influence on the morphology and physiology of vertebrates. Members of numerous fish clades have provided excellent comparative models for examining the effects of diet, primarily carnivory vs. herbivory, on organ systems. In this study, we comparatively examined the effects of carnivory, specifically independent evolutions of piscivory and durophagy, on body dimensions, organ topology, and organ proportions between nine moray species (Muraenidae). We found that organ placement via the anteroposterior organ positions differed between members in the two diet categories, although general organ topology is conserved. The stomach (31 - 55%) and intestine (68 - 76%) consistently occupied the majority of the body cavity irrespective of diet. Diet was shown to influence overall body dimensions and relative organ proportions across all moray species. Durophagous morays have shorter head lengths and body depths, and shorter heart, liver, gall bladder, and spleen lengths compared to piscivorous species. There was also greater variation in organ lengths among durophagous species than within piscivorous species. We attribute this greater variation in organ lengths to the multiple independent origins of durophagy within Muraenidae. Our single intraspecific comparison of the California moray, Gymnothorax mordax, a piscivorous species, revealed that all organs scale isometrically with body cavity length over ontogeny. The stomach grows proportionally with body cavity length and is the second longest organ in G. mordax at all ontogenetic stages, with the longest being the intestine. This suggests that morays can consume large quantities of prey or relatively large individual prey throughout their life history. In addition to scaling patterns of G. mordax, our study is the first to investigate the effects of diet and the intraspecific scaling patterns on the viscera of members of the Muraenidae, a clade of obligate carnivores that inhabit most marine ecosystems.
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