Notes

Spontaneous Rupture associated with The urinary system Bladder: Two Case Reviews and Report on Novels.
9 min versus 108.5 min (
= 0.000). Delay in the first cases accounted for 47.5% of all delayed cases. Overall, patient-related factor was the most common cause of delay (31.3%) followed in descending order by surgeon-related factor (28.5%) and hospital-related factor (26.2%). Patient-related factors accounted for 43.2% of first-case delays.

Delays encountered in this study were multifactorial and are preventable. Efforts should be directed at these different causes of delay in the theater to mitigate these delays and improve productivity.
Delays encountered in this study were multifactorial and are preventable. Efforts should be directed at these different causes of delay in the theater to mitigate these delays and improve productivity.
The aim and objective of this
study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of root canal sealers (bioceramic [BC] sealer, Epiphany self-etch sealer, and AH-Plus sealer) on
and
.

An agar well diffusion assay method was used to determine the efficacy of the root canal sealer against
(ATCC 6538) and
(ATCC 10231). Root canal sealers were divided into three groups BC sealer, Epiphany self-etch sealer, and AH-Plus sealer, and the standard antibiotic disc of amoxiclav and fluconazole was kept as a control against
and
. The diameters of the growth inhibition zones against
and
for each group were recorded and compared at 24 h. The differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's
tests for intergroup analysis.

AH-Plus sealer exhibited a larger zone of inhibition than the other two sealers against
and
at 24 h. The standard antibiotic disc of fluconazole, which was used as a control against
, exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity than the AH-Plus sealer at 24 h, whereas Epiphany self-etch sealer showed the least antimicrobial activity against
and
.

The AH-plus root canal sealer exhibits a better antibacterial action against
and
at 24 h.
The AH-plus root canal sealer exhibits a better antibacterial action against S. aureus and C. albicans at 24 h.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the time of the day the surgery is conducted and its outcome to provide better protection for patients against fatigue-related errors and reduce the incidence of postoperative morbidity/mortality.

All general surgical emergency operations recorded prospectively on the operation theater database of Krishna Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Karad, between April 01, 2018, and March 31, 2019, were included in this study. The operations were categorized according to whether they commenced during the daytime (0801-2000 h), or nighttime (2001-0800 h). The type of procedure and grade of the participating surgical personnel were also recorded.

In total, 1128 emergency operations were performed over the study period. The number of emergency procedures performed during the daytime and nighttime was 652 (57.8%) and 476 (42.2%), respectively. Laparotomies and complex vascular procedures collectively accounted for half of all the cases performed after midnight, whereas they represented only 30% of the combined daytime emergency workload. Thirty-two percent (
= 152) of all nighttime operations were supervised or performed by a consultant surgeon.

When considering a surgical procedure, surgeons must bear in mind that cases that start after the routine hours may face an elevated risk of complications that warrants further evaluation and surgical start times are associated with risk-adjusted patient outcomes.
When considering a surgical procedure, surgeons must bear in mind that cases that start after the routine hours may face an elevated risk of complications that warrants further evaluation and surgical start times are associated with risk-adjusted patient outcomes.
The aim of this study is to know the pattern of urine cytology (UC) requests seen in Uyo and how relevant they were to the management of the patients.

This retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. The extracted data from the cytology registers were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17.

A total of 46 patients did UC during the period. The patients were aged between 21 years and 90 years, with a mean age of 56.89 ± 14.65. Thirty (67.4%) were male. The age group of 60-69 years accounted for most cases (37.8%). Suspicion of bladder cancer was the most common indication as it was seen in 28.9% (
= 13) of cases. Thirty-eight cases (84.4%) were referred from urology clinic, 2 each (4.4%) from general outpatient clinic, general surgery clinic, and from gynecology clinic. In 44.4% (
= 20) of cases, the cytological diagnosis was inflammatory smear, while the UC was normal in 24.4% (
= 11) cases. Malignant cells were seen in 11.1% of (
= 5) cases. Of the 13 cases that the indication was suspected bladder cancer, only four were positive for malignant cells and one was suspicious on UC. No malignant cell or suspicious cell was seen in any of the UC specimens from patients that had prostate cancer, lower urinary tract outlet obstruction with hematuria due to prostatic enlargement.

UC should not be requested for in prostatic diseases since the reports are always negative or at most inflammatory. The department should start using The Paris System of UC reporting to assist the managing physician/surgeon to take the best decision.
UC should not be requested for in prostatic diseases since the reports are always negative or at most inflammatory. The department should start using The Paris System of UC reporting to assist the managing physician/surgeon to take the best decision.
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is the most common congenital infection. Antenatal education is proven to reduce cCMV risk. Little is known about obstetric provider knowledge and practice patterns around cCMV.

To evaluate obstetric provider knowledge and practice patterns regarding cCMV at baseline and again after a brief educational intervention.

Obstetric providers (
= 53) at a US academic community hospital were invited to complete a survey regarding their knowledge and practice patterns around cCMV. Complement System inhibitor Providers attended a brief presentation about cCMV and later were invited to repeat the same survey. Univariate statistics were calculated for baseline data, and prepost intervention comparison analyses were conducted.

Baseline cCMV knowledge was low at 49% (
= 17.54 out of a possible 36, SD 6.4), with most providers (51%) reporting never counseling pregnant patients about cCMV. Post intervention, overall cCMV knowledge increased to 80% (
= 29.33, SD 4.1,
< .001); provider intention to counsel about cCMV prevention increased to 100%.
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